Flerovium

Flerovium is a superheavy synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Fl and atomic number 114. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element, named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, where the element was discovered in 1999. The lab's name, in turn, honours Russian physicist Georgy Flyorov (Флёров in Cyrillic, hence the transliteration of "yo" to "e"). IUPAC adopted the name on 30 May 2012. The name and symbol had previously been proposed for element 102 (nobelium), but was not accepted by IUPAC at that time.

Flerovium, 114Fl
Flerovium
Pronunciation
  • /fləˈrviəm/
    (flə-ROH-vee-əm)
  • /flɛˈrviəm/
    (flerr-OH-vee-əm)
Mass number[289] (unconfirmed: 290)
Flerovium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Pb

Fl

(Uho)
nihonium ← flerovium → moscovium
Atomic number (Z)114
Groupgroup 14 (carbon group)
Periodperiod 7
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2 (predicted)
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 4 (predicted)
Physical properties
Phase at STPliquid (predicted)
Melting point284 ± 50 K (11 ± 50 °C, 52 ± 90 °F) (predicted)
Density (near r.t.)11.4 ± 0.3 g/cm3 (predicted)
Heat of vaporization38 kJ/mol (predicted)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states(0), (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 832.2 kJ/mol (predicted)
  • 2nd: 1600 kJ/mol (predicted)
  • 3rd: 3370 kJ/mol (predicted)
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 180 pm (predicted)
Covalent radius171–177 pm (extrapolated)
Other properties
Natural occurrencesynthetic
CAS Number54085-16-4
History
Namingafter Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (itself named after Georgy Flyorov)
DiscoveryJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) (1999)
Isotopes of flerovium
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
284Fl synth 2.5 ms SF
285Fl synth 100 ms α 281Cn
286Fl synth 105 ms α55% 282Cn
SF45%
287Fl synth 360 ms α 283Cn
ε? 287Nh
288Fl synth 653 ms α 284Cn
289Fl synth 2.1 s α 285Cn
290Fl synth 19 s? EC 290Nh
α 286Cn

It is a transactinide in the p-block of the periodic table. It is in period 7, the heaviest known member of the carbon group, and the last element whose chemistry has been investigated. Initial chemical studies in 2007–2008 indicated that flerovium was unexpectedly volatile for a group 14 element. More recent results show that flerovium's reaction with gold is similar to that of copernicium, showing it is very volatile and may even be gaseous at standard temperature and pressure, that it would show metallic properties, consistent with being the heavier homologue of lead, and that it would be the least reactive metal in group 14. Whether flerovium behaves more like a metal or a noble gas is still unresolved as of 2024; it might also be a semiconductor.

Very little is known about flerovium, as it can only be produced one atom at a time, either through direct synthesis or through radioactive decay of even heavier elements, and all known isotopes are short-lived. Six isotopes of flerovium are known, ranging in mass number between 284 and 289; the most stable of these, 289Fl, has a half-life of ~1.9 seconds, but the unconfirmed 290Fl may have a longer half-life of 19 seconds, which would be one of the longest half-lives of any nuclide in these farthest reaches of the periodic table. Flerovium is predicted to be near the centre of the theorized island of stability, and it is expected that heavier flerovium isotopes, especially the possibly magic 298Fl, may have even longer half-lives.

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