Later Jin (1616–1636)

The Later Jin, officially known as Jin or the Great Jin, was a Jurchen-led royal dynasty of China in Manchuria and the precursor to the Qing dynasty. Established in 1616 by the Jianzhou Jurchen chieftain Nurhaci upon his reunification of the Jurchen tribes, its name was derived from the earlier Jin dynasty founded by the Wanyan clan which had ruled northern China in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Not to be confused with Later Jin (Five Dynasties), a dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
Jin
金
ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ or ᠠᡳ᠌ᠰᡳᠨ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
Aisin gurun
1616–1636
Later Jin (后金) c. 1626 shown in light green
StatusKhanate
Capital
  • Hetu Ala (1616–1622)
  • Tungking (1622–1625)
  • Mukden (1625–1636)
Common languagesJurchen (renamed Manchu after 1635), Mongolian, Chinese
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy
Khan 
• 1616–1626
Nurhaci
• 1626–1636
Hong Taiji
LegislatureDeliberative Council
Historical eraImperial era
• Enthronement of the Tianming Khan
1616
• Proclamation of the Seven Grievances
1618
1619
• Annexation of the Northern Yuan
1635
• Elevation to an empire
1636
CurrencyChinese coin,
Chinese cash
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Jianzhou Jurchens
Ming dynasty
Northern Yuan
Qing dynasty
Today part ofChina
Mongolia
Russia
North Korea
Later Jin
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese後金國
Simplified Chinese后金国
Literal meaningLater Gold(en) State
Manchu name
Manchu scriptᠠᠮᠠᡤᠠ
ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
Romanization(Amaga) Aisin Gurun
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    1949–present)
Related articles
Part of a series on the
History of Manchuria
Prehistoric period
  • Liao civilization
Ancient to Classical period
Medieval to Early Modern period
Modern period

In 1635, the lingering Northern Yuan dynasty under Ejei Khan formally submitted to the Later Jin. The following year, Hong Taiji officially renamed the realm to "Great Qing", thus marking the start of the Qing dynasty. During the Ming–Qing transition, the Qing conquered Li Zicheng's Shun dynasty and various Southern Ming claimants and loyalists, going on to rule an empire comprising all of China, stretching as far as Tibet, Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Taiwan until the 1911 Revolution established the Republic of China.

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