Hong Taiji

Hong Taiji
Hong Taiji
Traditional Chinese	天聰汗
Simplified Chinese	天聪汗
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Tiāncōng Hán
Wade–Giles	Tʻien1tsʻung1 Han2
IPA	[tʰjɛ́ntsʰʊ́ŋ xǎn]

Names
	Aisin Gioro Hong Taiji (愛新覺羅·皇太極); Manchu: Hong taiji (ᡥᠣᠩ; ᡨᠠᡳᠵᡳ)
Era dates
	Tiancong (天聰): 16 February 1627 – 6 February 1636; Manchu: Abkai sure (ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠰᡠᠷᡝ); Mongolian: Тэнгэрийн сэцэн (ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ); Chongde (崇德): 7 February 1636 – 7 February 1644; Manchu: Wesihun erdemungge (ᠸᡝᠰᠢᡥᡠᠨ; ᠡᠷᡩᡝᠮᡠᠩᡬᡝ); Mongolian: Дээд эрдэмт (ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠢ);
Regnal name
	Emperor Kuanwen Rensheng (寬溫仁聖皇帝); Bogda Chechen Khan (博格達徹辰汗)
Posthumous name
	Emperor Yingtian Xingguo Hongde Zhangwu Kuanwen Rensheng Ruixiao Jingmin Zhaoding Longdao Xiangong Wen (應天興國弘德彰武寬溫仁聖睿孝敬敏昭定隆道顯功文皇帝); Manchu: Genggiyen šu hūwangdi (ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ ; ᡧᡠ ; ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ)
Temple name
	Taizong (太宗); Manchu: Taidzung (ᡨᠠᡳᡯ᠊ᡠ᠊ᠩ)

Hong Taiji
皇太極
Hong Taiji; 皇太極
	Portrait in the Hong Kong Palace Museum
Emperor of the Qing dynasty
Reign	1636 – 21 September 1643
Predecessor	Himself as the Khan of Later Jin dynasty
Successor	Fulin, Shunzhi Emperor
Khan of the Later Jin dynasty
Reign	20 October 1626 – 1636
Predecessor	Nurhaci
Successor	Himself as the Emperor of the Qing dynasty
Born	Aisin Gioro Hong Taiji; (愛新覺羅·皇太極); 28 November 1592; (萬曆二十年十月二十五日); Fu Ala, Manchuria, Ming dynasty
Died	21 September 1643 (aged 50); (崇德八年八月九日)
Burial	Zhao Mausoleum
Consorts	; Consort Yuan (died 1612) Consort Ji; Empress Xiaoduanwen (m. 1614⁠–⁠1643) Empress Xiaozhuangwen (m. 1625⁠–⁠1643) Primary Consort Minhui (m. 1634; died 1641)
Issue	Hooge, Prince Suwu of the First Rank; Yebušu; Šose, Prince Chengzeyu of the First Rank; Gose; Cangšu; Shunzhi Emperor; Toose; Bomubogor; Princess Aohan of the First Rank; Princess Wenzhuang of the First Rank; Princess Jingduan of the First Rank; Princess Yongmu of the First Rank; Princess Shuhui of the First Rank; Princess of the First Rank; Princess Shuzhe of the First Rank; Princess Yong'an of the First Rank; Lady of the Second Rank; Princess Duanshun of the First Rank; Lady of the Third Rank; Princess Kechun of the Second Rank
Names
Names
	Aisin Gioro Hong Taiji (愛新覺羅·皇太極); Manchu: Hong taiji (ᡥᠣᠩ; ᡨᠠᡳᠵᡳ)
Era dates
	Tiancong (天聰): 16 February 1627 – 6 February 1636; Manchu: Abkai sure (ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠰᡠᠷᡝ); Mongolian: Тэнгэрийн сэцэн (ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ); Chongde (崇德): 7 February 1636 – 7 February 1644; Manchu: Wesihun erdemungge (ᠸᡝᠰᠢᡥᡠᠨ; ᠡᠷᡩᡝᠮᡠᠩᡬᡝ); Mongolian: Дээд эрдэмт (ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠢ);
Regnal name
	Emperor Kuanwen Rensheng (寬溫仁聖皇帝); Bogda Chechen Khan (博格達徹辰汗)
Posthumous name
	Emperor Yingtian Xingguo Hongde Zhangwu Kuanwen Rensheng Ruixiao Jingmin Zhaoding Longdao Xiangong Wen (應天興國弘德彰武寬溫仁聖睿孝敬敏昭定隆道顯功文皇帝); Manchu: Genggiyen šu hūwangdi (ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ ; ᡧᡠ ; ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ)
Temple name
	Taizong (太宗); Manchu: Taidzung (ᡨᠠᡳᡯ᠊ᡠ᠊ᠩ)
House	Aisin Gioro
Dynasty	Later Jin (1626–1636); Qing (1636–1643)
Father	Nurhaci
Mother	Empress Xiao Ci Gao

Hong Taiji (28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), also rendered as Huang Taiji and sometimes referred to as Abahai in Western literature, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizong of Qing, was the second khan of the Later Jin dynasty (reigned from 1626 to 1636) and the founding emperor of the Qing dynasty (reigned from 1636 to 1643). He was responsible for consolidating the empire that his father Nurhaci had founded and laid the groundwork for the conquest of the Ming dynasty, although he died before this was accomplished. He was also responsible for changing the name of the Jurchen ethnicity to "Manchu" in 1635, and changing the name of his dynasty from "Great Jin" to "Great Qing" in 1636. The Qing dynasty started to rule over China proper in 1644, which lasted until 1912. Hong Taiji could have been a Manchu of Mongolian origin, being the son of Yehe Nara Monggo Jerjer, or genetically related to the Mongols as a member of the Aisin-Gioro clan.

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