Finnish War

The Finnish War (Swedish: Finska kriget, Russian: Финляндская война, Finnish: Suomen sota) was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland, a state under the rule of the Russian Empire. Other notable effects were the Swedish parliament's adoption of a new constitution and the establishment of the House of Bernadotte, the new Swedish royal house, in 1818.

Finnish War
Part of the Napoleonic Wars and a series of Russo-Swedish wars

Left to right from the top:
Date21 February 1808 – 17 September 1809
(1 year, 6 months, 3 weeks and 6 days)
Location
Finland and Sweden
Result

Russian victory

  • Treaty of Fredrikshamn
Territorial
changes
Sweden loses Finland, Åland, a part of Lapland and a part of West Bothnia, from which the Grand Duchy of Finland was constituted, an autonomous state under direct rule of the Russian Empire.
Belligerents
  • Russian Empire
  • Sweden
Supported by:
  • United Kingdom
Commanders and leaders
Strength
August 1808:
55,000
August 1808:
36,000
Casualties and losses
10,000 killed or wounded 7,000 killed or wounded
53,000 died of disease and other hardships
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