Crusades of the 15th century
Crusades of the 15th century are those Crusades that follow the Crusades after Acre, 1291–1399, throughout the next hundred years. In this period, the threat from the Ottoman Empire dominated the Christian world, but also included threats from the Mamluks, Moors, and heretics. The Ottomans gained significant territory in all theaters, but did not defeat Hospitaller Rhodes nor advance past the Balkans. In addition, the Reconquista was completed and heretics continued to be suppressed.
| Crusades of the Fifteenth Century | |||||||||
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| Part of the Crusades | |||||||||
Władysław III of Poland in the Battle of Varna, by Jan Matejko | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
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France
Sicily/Naples
Papacy
John V Palaiologos John VII Palaiologos Manuel II Palaeologus John VIII Palaiologos Constantine XI Latin East Theodore I Palaiologos Theodore II Palaiologos Constantine XI Thomas Palaiologos Demetrios Palaiologos Graitzas Palaiologos James of Baux Centurione II Zaccaria John Asen Zaccaria Antonio I Acciaioli Angelo II Acciaioli Castile Henry the Suffering John II Henry the Impotent Isabella I Ferdinand V Aragon Martin the Humane Ferdinand of Antequera Alfonso the Magnanimous John the Great Ferdinand II Portugal John of Aviz Edward the Eloquent Alfonso the African John the Perfect Prince Manuel the Fortunate Hungary Sigismund Albert II of Germany Władysław III of Poland John Hunyadi Ladislaus the Posthumous Matthias Corvinus Vladislaus II of Hungary Wallachia Mircea I of Wallachia Michael I of Wallachia Dan II of Wallachia Vlad Dracula III Radu cel Frumos Vladislav II of Wallachia Trebizond John IV of Trebizond David of Trebizond Moldavia Bogdan II of Moldavia Peter III Aaron Stephen the Great |
Mamluk Sultanate Barquq An-Nasir Faraj Barsbay Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq Sayf ad-Din Inal Khushqadam Qaitbay Ottoman Empire Murad I Bayezid I Interregnum Mehmed I Murad II Mehmed II Bayezid II Cem Sultan Timurids Timur Shah Rukh Abu Sa'id Mirza Emirate of Granada Muhammad VII Muhammad VIII Muhammad IX Yusuf IV Marinid Sultanate Abu Sa'id Uthman III Abd al-Haqq II Aq Qoyunlu Uthman Beg Uzun Hasan Ya'qub Beg Sultan Murad Qara Qoyunlu Jahan Shah Mirza Yusuf Hasan Ali Poland Władysław II Jagiełło Władysław III Casimir IV Jagiellon John I Albert Alexander I Jagiellon Lithuania Vytautas Švitrigaila Sigismund Kęstutaitis Michael Žygimantaitis Hussites Jan Hus John Wycliffe Jan Želivský Jan Žižka Mikuláš of Hus Sigismund Korybut Prokop the Great Jan Čapek Feodor Ostrogski Crimean Khanate Hacı I Giray Meñli I Giray | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Hospitallers Philibert de Naillac Anton Flavian de Ripa Jean de Lastic Jacques de Milly Piero Raimondo Zacosta Giovanni Battista Orsini Pierre d'Aubusson Teutonic Knights Conrad of Jungingen Ulrich of Jungingen Henry of Plauen Michael Küchmeister Paul of Rusdorf Conrad of Erlichshausen Ludwig of Erlichshausen Henry Reuss of Plauen Frederick of Saxony Order of the Dragon Vuk Lazarević Fruzhin Pippo Spano Vlad II Dracul Vlad the Impaler Gjergj Arianiti Iberian Orders Álvaro de Luna Henry of Aragon Henry the Navigator Philip of Viana Serbia Stefan Lazarević Đurađ Branković Grgur Branković Thomas Kantakouzenos Other Nobility
Other Participants
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Bosnia Vlatko Vuković Tvrtko I Stjepan Vukčić Kosača Ishak-Beg Isa-Beg Isaković Thomas of Bosnia Stephen Tomašević Radivoj of Bosnia Albania Gjergj Arianiti Depë Zenebishi Gjon Kastrioti Skanderbeg Nicholas Dukagjini Ottoman Commanders Ibrahim II of Karaman Hamza Bey Süleyman Çelebi Turahanoğlu Ömer Bey İsa Çelebi Musa Çelebi Süleyman Çelebi Mihaloğlu Mustafa Çelebi Küçük Mustafa Ali Bey Evrenosoğlu Turahan Bey Ishak Bey Hadım Şehabeddin Kasim Pasha Mahmud Bey Mesih Pasha Karaca Pasha Zagan Pasha Ishak Pasha Çandarlı Halil Pasha Suleiman Baltoghlu Hamza Pasha Ballaban Pasha Gedik Ahmed Pasha | ||||||||
The fall of Constantinople in 1453 marked the end of the Byzantine Empire, and the Teutonic Knights were spent as a fighting force. The crusades would continue for almost another 100 years, with the expansion of the Ottoman Empire to a level that lasted into the 20th century.
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