Georgia (Georgian:საქართველო, romanized:sakartvelo, IPA:[sakʰartʰʷelo]ⓘ) is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, Russia to the north and northeast, Turkey to the southwest, Armenia to the south, and Azerbaijan to the southeast. Georgia covers an area of 69,700 square kilometres (26,900sqmi). It has a population of 3.7million, of which over a third live in the capital and largest city, Tbilisi. Georgians, who are indigenous to the region, constitute a majority and a titular nation in Georgia.
Georgia has been inhabited since prehistoric times, hosting the world's earliest known sites of winemaking, gold mining, and textiles. The classical era saw the emergence of several kingdoms, such as Colchis and Iberia, that formed the nucleus of the modern Georgian state. In the early fourth century, Georgians officially adopted Christianity, which contributed to their gradual unification and ethnogenesis. In the High Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Georgia reached its Golden Age during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar. The kingdom subsequently declined and disintegrated under the hegemony of various regional powers, including the Mongols, the Ottoman Empire, and Persia, before being gradually annexed into the Russian Empire starting in 1801.
After the Russian Revolution in 1917, Georgia briefly emerged as an independent republic under German protectorate, but was invaded and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1922, becoming one of its constituent republics. In the 1980s, an independence movement grew quickly, leading to Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union in April 1991. For much of the subsequent decade, the country endured economic crises, political instability, and secessionist wars in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Following the peaceful Rose Revolution in 2003, Georgia strongly pursued a pro-Western foreign policy, introducing a series of democratic and economic reforms aimed at integration into the European Union and NATO. The country's Western orientation soon led to worsening relations with Russia, which culminated in the Russo-Georgian War of 2008 and continued Russian occupation of parts of Georgia.
Georgia is a representative democracy governed as a unitary parliamentary republic. It is a developing country with a very high Human Development Index. Economic reforms since independence have led to higher levels of economic freedom, as well as reductions in corruption indicators, poverty, and unemployment. Georgia is only the second country in the world to legalize cannabis, and the only former socialist state to do so. The country is a member of international organizations, including the Council of Europe, Eurocontrol, BSEC, GUAM, Energy Community. As part of the Association Trio, Georgia is a candidate for EU membership. (Full article...)
The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (Georgian:ქართლ-კახეთის სამეფო, romanized:kartl-k'akhetis samepo; 1762–1801) was created in 1762 by the unification of the two eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti. From the early 16th century, according to the 1555 Peace of Amasya, these two kingdoms were under Iranian control. In 1744, Nader Shah granted the kingship of Kartli to Teimuraz II and that of Kakheti to his son Heraclius II, as a reward for their loyalty. When Nader Shah died in 1747, Teimuraz II and Heraclius II capitalized on the instability in Iran proper, and declared de facto independence. After Teimuraz II died in 1762, Heraclius succeeded him as ruler of Kartli, thus unifying the two kingdoms.
Heraclius was able, after centuries of Iranian suzerainty over Georgia, to guarantee the autonomy of his kingdom throughout the chaos that had erupted following Nader Shah's death. He became the new Georgian king of a politically united eastern Georgia for the first time in three centuries. Though Heraclius tendered his de jure submission to the newly established Zand dynasty quickly after the unification in 1762, the kingdom remained de facto autonomous for the next three decades to come. In 1783, Heraclius signed the Treaty of Georgievsk with the Russian Empire, by which he formally laid Kartli-Kakheti's investiture in the hands of the Russian monarch, and made the kingdom a Russian protectorate. Amongst others, this provided the nominal guarantee for protection against new Iranian attempts, or by any others, to (re)conquer or attack eastern Georgia. By the 1790s, a new strong Iranian dynasty, the Qajar dynasty, had emerged under Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, which would prove pivotal in the history of the short-lived kingdom. (Full article...)
...The year she was exiled from Georgia, Meri Shervashidze(pictured), the muse of Galaktion Tabidze, won the title on the 1921 world beauty pageant in Istanbul...
...that Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park with the total area of 5, 3 thousand square kilometers is considered one of the largest national parks in Europe...
...Soviet Russia recognized the independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia with the 1920 Treaty of Moscow, provided that no foreign troops not friendly to Russia would ever be stationed on Georgian soil...
...Erekle II (1720-1798), king of Kartl-Kakheti, married three times and had thirteen sons and 10 daughters...
This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.
Melua in 2017
Ketevan "Katie" Melua (/ˈmɛluːə/; Georgian:ქეთევან "ქეთი" მელუა, IPA:[kʰetʰevanmelua]; born 16 September 1984) is a British singer and songwriter. Melua was born in Kutaisi, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union, and raised in Belfast and London. Under the management of composer Mike Batt, she was signed to the small Dramatico record label. She made her musical debut in 2003 and within three years, she was the United Kingdom's best-selling female artist as well as Europe's highest selling European female artist.
In November 2003, Melua released her first album, Call Off the Search, which reached the top of the United Kingdom album charts and sold 1.8million copies in its first five months of release. Her second album, Piece by Piece, was released in September 2005, and has gone platinum (one million units sold) four times. She released her third studio album Pictures in October 2007. (Full article...)
Image 9Leaders of Georgian independence movement in late 1980s, Zviad Gamsakhurdia (left) and Merab Kostava (right) (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 20A medieval illustration of the Georgian king George IV Lasha waging war against the Mongols in 1220. King George is shown in blue garment on a white horse holding a whip. A depiction from La Flor des estoires de la terre d'Orient by Hayton of Corycus. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 22The construction of Svetitskhoveli Cathedral in Mtskheta, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was initiated in the 1020s by George I. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 43Frescoes from the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, an example of Georgian medieval art depicting ships and monsters at sea. (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Energy: Poti port - Kulevi - Supsa - Baku-Supsa oil pipeline - Baku-Tbilisi-Ceikhan pipeline - ბაქო-თბილისი-ერზერუმის ნავთობსადენი - ბაქო-ბათუმის ნავთობსადენი - Oléoduc Géorgie-Ukraine-UE - GOGC - Wissol Petroleum - Telasi - Enguri HES - Centrale éléctrique de Khrami - ხუდონჰესი - ლაჯანურჰესი - Centrale hydroéléctrique de Namakhiani - Centrale hydroéléctrique de Samtskhè-Javakhétie - Centrale hydroéléctrique de Tskhinvali - Centrale hydroéléctrique de Tvichi - ვარდნილჰესი - Centrale hydroéléctrique de Jonétie.
Transport: Tbilisi Metro - Limitations de vitesse en Géorgie - Plaque d'immatriculation géorgienne
Tourism: Bagrati Cathedral - Gelati Monastery - Svetitskhoveli - Djvari Monasteri - Mestia - Svaneti - Ushguli - Bakuriani - Gudauri - Likani - Tskaltubo - Shovi - Tbilisi Botanical Garden - Batumi Botanical Garden - Bordjomi-Kharagauli National Park - ვაშლოვანის ეროვნული პარკი - კოლხეთის ეროვნული პარკი - სოხუმის ბოტანიკური ბაღი - Gremi - Dmanisi - Surami - საქართველოს ხელოვნების მუზეუმი - Armazi - თბილისის ეთნოგრაფიული მუზეუმი
Finance: Georgian banks - Georgian National Bank - TBC Bank - Bank of Georgia - Procredit Bank - Bourse de Géorgie - Marque doré - Mines en Géorgie - Lari - Tetri
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