Georgian Civil War

The Georgian Civil War lasted from 1991 to 1993 in the South Caucasian country of Georgia. It consisted of inter-ethnic and international conflicts in the regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, as well as the violent military coup d'état against the first democratically-elected President of Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, and his subsequent uprising in an attempt to regain power.

This article is about the 1991–1993 civil war in Georgia. For the 15th century civil war in the Kingdom of Georgia, see Triarchy and collapse of the Kingdom of Georgia. For the American Civil War in the State of Georgia, see Georgia in the American Civil War.
Georgian Civil War
Part of Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Post-Soviet conflicts, Abkhaz-Georgian conflict and Georgian-Ossetian conflict

Location of Georgia (including Abkhazia and South Ossetia) and the Russian part of North Caucasus
DateDecember 22, 1991 – December 31, 1993
(2 years, 1 week and 2 days)
Location
Georgia proper (Tbilisi, Rustavi, Mingrelia, Imereti, Guria); Abkhazia; South Ossetia
Result
  • Gamsakhurdia government expunged
  • Abkhazian and South Ossetian separatists gain control of most of their claims
  • State Council takes control of Georgia proper
  • Georgia joins the Commonwealth of Independent States
Belligerents

Government of Georgia (until 6 January 1992)

  • National Guard of Georgia

Zviad Gamsakhurdia's government in exile (since 6 January 1992) Zviadists
Supported by:

 Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

Military Council (until March 1992)
State Council (until October 1992)
Eduard Shevardnadze's government

Supported by:

 Russia (since October 1993)

South Ossetian separatists (1991-1992)
Abkhazian separatists (since 1992)

Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus (since 1992)
Supported by:
 Russia
Commanders and leaders
Zviad Gamsakhurdia †
Loti Kobalia
Zurab Iremadze
Akaki Eliava		 Eduard Shevardnadze
Tengiz Sigua
Jaba Ioseliani
Tengiz Kitovani
Shota Kviraia
Giorgi Karkarashvili
Boris Yeltsin
Eduard Baltin		 Lyudvig Chibirov
Vladislav Ardzinba
Musa Shanibov
Shamil Basayev

While the Gamsakhurdia-led rebellion was eventually defeated by the Eduard Shevardnadze-led government, the South Ossetia and Abkhazia conflicts resulted in the de facto secession of both regions from Georgia. As a result, both conflicts have lingered on, with occasional flare-ups.

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