José Gervasio Artigas
José Gervasio Artigas Arnal (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse xeɾˈβa.sjo aɾˈti.ɣas aɾˈnal]; June 19, 1764 – September 23, 1850) was a soldier and statesman who is regarded as a national hero in Uruguay and the father of Uruguayan nationhood.
José Gervasio Artigas | |
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Artigas en la Ciudadela by Juan Manuel Blanes | |
| Nickname(s) | Karaí-Guasú |
| Born | June 19, 1764 Montevideo, Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata |
| Died | September 23, 1850 (aged 86) Asunción, Paraguay |
| Buried | Plaza Independencia |
| Allegiance | United Provinces of the Río de la Plata |
| Years of service | 1797–1820 |
| Rank | General |
| Battles/wars | British invasions of the River Plate Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental (1811–12) Argentine War of Independence Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental Argentine Civil Wars |
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| Liberalism |
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Born in Montevideo, Artigas enlisted in the Spanish military in 1797 and fought the British in the Anglo-Spanish War. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American wars of independence, Artigas supported the Primera Junta in Buenos Aires against Spain. He defeated the Spanish royalists at Las Piedras and laid siege to Montevideo, but was forced to withdraw in the face of Portuguese intervention. Artigas subsequently broke with the centralist government of Buenos Aires and took over Montevideo in 1815. He then oversaw the creation of the Federal League, an alliance of six provinces under a federal style of government. In 1816, the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves invaded the Banda Oriental, eventually annexing it as a province. Artigas was driven into Paraguay, where he lived in exile until his death in 1850. His remains were re-interred at the Central Cemetery of Montevideo in 1855, and in 1977 they were transferred to the Artigas Mausoleum.