Hypofluorous acid

Hypofluorous acid, chemical formula HOF, is the only known oxyacid of fluorine and the only known oxoacid in which the main atom gains electrons from oxygen to create a negative oxidation state. The oxidation state of the oxygen in this acid (and in the hypofluorite ion OF− and in its salts called hypofluorites) is 0, while its valence is 2. It is also the only hypohalous acid that can be isolated as a solid. HOF is an intermediate in the oxidation of water by fluorine, which produces hydrogen fluoride, oxygen difluoride, hydrogen peroxide, ozone and oxygen. HOF is explosive at room temperature, forming HF and O2:

2 HOF → 2 HF + O2
Hypofluorous acid

Gas-phase structure

  Hydrogen, H
  Oxygen, O
  Fluorine, F
Names
IUPAC name
Hypofluorous acid
Other names
  • Fluoranol
  • Fluoric(-I) acid
  • Hydrogen hypofluorite
  • Hydrogen fluorate(-I)
  • Hydrogen monofluoroxygenate(0)
  • Hydroxyl fluoride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
PubChem CID
  • InChI=1S/FHO/c1-2/h2H N
    Key: AQYSYJUIMQTRMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N
  • InChI=1/FHO/c1-2/h2H
    Key: AQYSYJUIMQTRMV-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES
  • OF
Properties
HOF
Molar mass 36.0057 g/mol
Appearance pale yellow liquid above −117 °C
white solid below −117 °C
Melting point −117 °C (−179 °F; 156 K)
Boiling point decomposes at 0 °C (32 °F; 273 K)
Structure
Point group
 Cs
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Explosive, strong oxidizer, corrosive
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
4
0
4
OX
Related compounds
Other cations
 Lithium hypofluorite
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

This reaction is catalyzed by water.

It was isolated in the pure form by passing F2 gas over ice at −40 °C, rapidly collecting the HOF gas away from the ice, and condensing it:

F2 + H2O → HOF + HF

The compound has been characterized in the solid phase by X-ray crystallography as a bent molecule with an angle of 101°. The O–F and O–H bond lengths are 144.2 and 96.4 picometres, respectively. The solid framework consists of chains with O–H···O linkages. The structure has also been analyzed in the gas phase, a state in which the H–O–F bond angle is slightly narrower (97.2°).

Thiophene chemists commonly call a solution of hypofluorous acid in acetonitrile (generated in situ by passing gaseous fluorine through water in acetonitrile) Rozen's reagent.

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