Hypochlorite

In chemistry, hypochlorite, or chloroxide is an anion with the chemical formula ClO−. It combines with a number of cations to form hypochlorite salts. Common examples include sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) and calcium hypochlorite (a component of bleaching powder, swimming pool "chlorine"). The Cl-O distance in ClO− is 1.69 Å.

For the neutral chemical compound, see chlorine monoxide.
Hypochlorite
Names
IUPAC name
Hypochlorite
Systematic IUPAC name
Chlorate(I)
Other names
Chloroxide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.235.795
682
PubChem CID
UNII
UN number 3212
  • InChI=1S/ClO/c1-2/q-1 Y
    Key: WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  • InChI=1/ClO/c1-2/q-1
    Key: WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYAZ
SMILES
  • [O-]Cl
Properties
Conjugate acid Hypochlorous acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

The name can also refer to esters of hypochlorous acid, namely organic compounds with a ClO– group covalently bound to the rest of the molecule. The principal example is tert-butyl hypochlorite, which is a useful chlorinating agent.

Most hypochlorite salts are handled as aqueous solutions. Their primary applications are as bleaching, disinfection, and water treatment agents. They are also used in chemistry for chlorination and oxidation reactions.

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