Constitution of Bangladesh

The Constitution of Bangladesh (Bengali: বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান — Bangladesher Sambidhāna), officially the Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান — Gaṇaprajātantrī Bangladesher Sambidhāna) is the supreme law of Bangladesh. The document provides the framework that demarcates the Bangladeshi republic with a unitary, parliamentary democracy, that enshrines fundamental human rights and freedoms, an independent judiciary, democratic local government and a national bureaucracy.

The four fundamental principles of the Constitution are nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism. The Constitution endeavors to create a socialist society in which the rule of law, fundamental human rights and freedom, equality and justice, political, economic and social, is secured for all its citizens. It commits Bangladesh to "contribute to international peace and co-operation in keeping with the progressive aspirations of mankind".

It invokes constitutional supremacy, as opposed to legislative supremacy since it was created by a constituent assembly not Parliament and was adopted by the people of Bangladesh in its preamble. Parliament cannot quash parts of the Constitution.

Judicial precedent is enshrined in Bangladesh's Constitution under Article 111, which makes Bangladesh an integral part of the common law world. Judicial review is also supported by the Constitution.

It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh on 4 November 1972 and became effective on 16 December 1972. The Constitution replaced the Proclamation of Independence as the country's fundamental instrument of government. The Constitution became effective on Bangladesh's Victory Day, precisely one year after the signing of the Instrument of Surrender. The constitution has been amended 17 times since its adoption, a two-thirds supermajority is required in the Jatiya Sangsad to secure a constitutional amendment.