Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River
The Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River (Chinese: 清川江战役; pinyin: Qīngchuānjiāng Zhànyì), also known as the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on, was a decisive battle in the Korean War that took place from November 25 to December 2, 1950, along the Ch'ongch'on River Valley in the northwestern part of North Korea. In response to the successful Chinese First Phase Campaign against the United Nations (UN) forces, General Douglas MacArthur launched the Home-by-Christmas Offensive to expel the Chinese forces from Korea and to end the war. Anticipating this reaction, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) Commander Peng Dehuai planned a counteroffensive, dubbed the "Second Phase Campaign", against the advancing UN forces.
| Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River | |||||||||
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| Part of the Korean War | |||||||||
Chinese forces overrun a UN position. | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
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United Nations
| China | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Douglas MacArthur Walton H. Walker John B. Coulter Laurence B. Keiser Yu Jae-hung Paik Sun-yup Tahsin Yazıcı Basil Aubrey Coad |
Mao Zedong Peng Dehuai Han Xianchu | ||||||||
| Units involved | |||||||||
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| Strength | |||||||||
| 254,571 | 230,000 | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
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Total: 3,034 wounded 2,055 captured 813 missing 218 killed 455 wounded 94 missing |
Total: 45,000 Chinese estimation: 20,000 battle casualties | ||||||||
Location within North Korea | |||||||||
Hoping to repeat the success of the earlier First Phase Campaign, the PVA 13th Army first launched a series of surprise attacks along the Ch'ongch'on River Valley on the night of November 25, 1950, at the western half of the Second Phase Campaign (Chinese: 第二次战役西线; pinyin: Dì'èrcì Zhànyì Xīxiàn), effectively destroying the Eighth United States Army's right flank, while allowing PVA forces to move rapidly into UN rear areas. In the subsequent battles and withdrawals from November 26 to December 2, 1950, although the Eighth Army managed to avoid being surrounded by PVA forces, the PVA 13th Army were still able to inflict heavy losses onto the retreating UN forces, which had lost all cohesion. In the aftermath of the battle, the Eighth Army's heavy losses forced all UN forces to retreat from North Korea to the 38th Parallel.