Bar Kokhba hiding complexes

The Bar Kokhba hiding complexes, including cliff shelters, are underground places of refuge created by Jewish rebels and their communities of the Shephelah (Judaean Lowlands) and the Lower Galilee while preparing for the Bar Kokhba revolt, with at least the Judaean ones actually being used during the fighting. Natural caves were also used as refuge caves. The man-made hiding complexes and refuge caves in the Judean desert cliffs were rock-carved spaces, connected to one another by low and narrow passages. According to research, these systems were hewn by the supporters and fighters of Bar Kokhba as preparation for the revolt pursued by the Jews against the Roman Empire in 132-135 CE.

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Bar Kokhba revolt

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Participants Jews of Judaea Simon bar Kokhba Yeshua ben Galgula Rabbi Akiva Eleazar of Modi'im Ten Martyrs Roman Empire Hadrian Quintus Tineius Rufus Sextus Julius Severus Gaius Quinctius Certus Poblicius Marcellus
Events Aelia Capitolina Siege of Betar
Sites Bar Kokhba hiding complexes Bar kokhba refuge caves Cave of Horror Cave of Letters Destroyed sites Horvat 'Ethri Horvat Bad Issa Herodium Betar
Findings Bar Kokhba revolt coinage Bar Kokhba weights Archive of Babatha
Literary sources Cassius Dio Rabbinic literature Babylonian Talmud Jerusalem Talmud Rabbinic stance on Bar Kokhba revolt