Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)
The Anglo-Spanish War was a conflict between the English Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell, and Spain, between 1654 and 1660. It was caused by commercial rivalry. Each side attacked the other's commercial and colonial interests in various ways such as privateering and naval expeditions. In 1655, an English amphibious expedition invaded Spanish territory in the Caribbean. In 1657, England formed an alliance with France, merging the Anglo–Spanish war with the larger Franco-Spanish War resulting in major land actions that took place in the Spanish Netherlands.
| Anglo–Spanish War (1654–1660) | |||||||||
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| Part of the Franco-Spanish War | |||||||||
The Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1657) | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
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Spain Royalists of England, Ireland and Scotland |
Commonwealth of England France (1657–59) | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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King Philip IV Caribbean: Bernardino de Meneses Cristóbal Arnaldo Isasi Spain: Pablo Fernández de Contreras Marcos del Puerto Diego de Egüés Flanders: Willem Bette † Juan José de Austria Louis, Grand Condé |
Oliver Cromwell Caribbean: William Penn Robert Venables Edward Doyley Christopher Myngs Henry Morgan Spain: Robert Blake Richard Stayner Flanders: John Reynolds Thomas Morgan Vicomte de Turenne | ||||||||
| Wars of Interregnum England |
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Although the war was terminated after The Restoration of King Charles II of England in 1660, tensions in the Caribbean kept the conflict going intermittently for over ten years. The war officially ended with two peace treaties which were signed at Madrid in 1667 and 1670.