1964 race riots in Singapore

1964 race riots in Singapore
1964 race riots in Singapore
Part of the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation
Date	21 July 1964; 3 September 1964
Location	Kallang, Geylang and various districts in Singapore
Caused by	Political and religious tensions between ethnic Chinese and Malay groups
Methods	Rioting
Resulted in	Islandwide curfew imposed from 21 July 1964 to 2 August 1964 in the aftermath of the July riots; Islandwide curfew imposed from 4 September 1964 to 11 September 1964 in the aftermath of the September riots; Temporary establishment of the Commission of Inquiry team; Indirectly led to Singapore's expulsion from the Federation of Malaysia; Indirectly led to the independence of Singapore the following year; Establishment of Article 12 of the Singapore Constitution after its independence; Annual commemoration of Racial Harmony Day on 21 July to mark the day of the July riots;
Parties
Lead figures
	Syed Jaafar Albar Yusof Ishak; Lee Kuan Yew; Tunku Abdul Rahman; Abdul Razak Hussein; Ismail Abdul Rahman; Commissioner John Le Cain, SPF; Platoon Commander Winston Choo, 1 MIR
Casualties and arrests
Death(s)	23 (July riots); 13 (September riots)
Injuries	454 (July riots); 106 (September riots)
Arrested	3,568 (July riots); 1,439 (September riots)
Detained	945 (July riots); 268 (September riots)
Charged	715 (July riots); 154 (September riots)

The 1964 race riots in Singapore involved a series of communal race-based civil disturbances between the Malays and Chinese in Singapore following its merger with Malaysia in 1963, and were considered to be the "worst and most prolonged in Singapore's postwar history". The term is also used to refer specifically to two riots on 21 July 1964 and 2 September 1964, particularly the former, during which 23 people died and 454 others suffered severe injuries.

The riots are seen as pivotal in leading up to the independence of Singapore in 1965, its policies of multiracialism and multiculturalism, and to justify laws such as the Internal Security Act.

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