Graduated majority judgment

Graduated majority judgment (GMJ), sometimes called the usual judgment or continuous Bucklin voting, is a single-winner electoral system. It was invented independently three times in the early 21st century. It was first suggested as an improvement on majority judgment by Andrew Jennings in 2010, then by Jameson Quinn, and later independently by the French social scientist Adrien Fabre in 2019. In 2024, the latter coined the name "median judgment" for the rule, arguing it was the best highest median voting rule.

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It is a highest median voting rule, a system of cardinal voting in which the winner is decided by the median rating rather than the mean.

GMJ begins by counting all ballots for their first choice. If no candidate has a majority then later (second, third, etc.) preferences are added to first preferences until one candidate reaches 50% of the vote. The first candidate to reach a majority of the vote is the winner.

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