History of the Russo-Turkish wars
Russo-Turkish wars (Russian: Русско-турецкие войны, romanized: Russko-turetskiye voyny) or Russo-Ottoman wars (Turkish: Osmanlı-Rus savaşları) were a series of twelve wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries. It was one of the longest series of military conflicts in European history. Except for the war of 1710–11, as well as the Crimean War which is often treated as a separate event, the conflicts ended disastrously for the Ottoman Empire, which was undergoing a long period of stagnation and decline; conversely, they showcased the ascendancy of Russia as a European power after the modernization efforts of Peter the Great in the early 18th century.
| Russo-Ottoman wars | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Left to right from the top: Siege of Ochakov, Siege of Izmail, Siege of Sevastopol, Siege of Plevna, Battle of Sarikamish, Erzurum Offensive | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
|
Tsardom of Russia Russian Empire | Ottoman Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Ivan the Terrible Peter the Great Burkhard Münnich Catherine II Alexander I Nicholas I Alexander II Nicholas II |
Selim II Kara Mustafa Pasha Ivaz Mehmed Pasha Mustafa III Abdul Hamid I Mahmud II Abdulmejid I Abdul Hamid II Enver Pasha | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
1676–1681: 8,000 1735–1739: 100,000 1787–1792: 72,000 1853–1856: 450,000 1877–1878: 111,000 1914–1918: 140,000 |
1676–1681: 20,000 1735–1739: Unknown 1787–1792: 130,000 1853–1856: 45,000 1877–1878: 120,000 1914–1918: 300,000 | ||||||
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