Portal:Cumbria

The Cumbria Portal

Cumbria (/ˈkʌmbriə/ KUM-bree-ə) is a ceremonial county in North West England. It borders the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders to the north, Northumberland and County Durham to the east, North Yorkshire to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Irish Sea to the west. Its largest settlement is the city of Carlisle.

The county is predominantly rural, with an area of 6,769 km² (2,614 sq mi) and a population of 500,012; this makes it the third largest ceremonial county in England by area but the eighth-smallest by population. After Carlisle (74,281), the largest settlements are Barrow-in-Furness (56,745), Kendal (29,593), and Whitehaven (23,986). For local government purposes the county comprises two unitary authority areas, Westmorland and Furness and Cumberland. Cumbria was created in 1974 from the historic counties of Cumberland and Westmorland, the Furness area of Lancashire, and a small part of Yorkshire.

The interior of Cumbria contains large upland areas. The south-west contains the Lake District, a national park and UNESCO world heritage site which includes Scafell Pike, England's highest mountain, and Windermere, its longest and largest lake. The Border Moors and North Pennines lie along the county's eastern border. The south-east contains the Orton Fells, Howgill Fells and part of the Yorkshire Dales, which are all within the Yorkshire Dales national park. The Vale of Eden, the valley of the River Eden, runs south-east to north-west between these upland areas, and broadens into the Solway Plain near Carlisle. The county has long coast to the west, which is bordered by a plain for most of its length. In the north-west it borders the Solway Firth, a national landscape, and to the south are the Cartmel and Furness peninsulas. East of the peninsulas, the county contains part of Arnside and Silverdale, also a national landscape. (Full article...)

Selected article -

Prehistoric Cumbria describes the English county of Cumbria prior to the Romans Period. This includes the Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. As of 2010, 443 stone tools, 187 metal objects and 134 ceramic pots, have been unearthed in Cumbria. Likewise, various monuments, such as henges and stone circles, are widespread in the region. The survival of these monuments and objects has been influenced by processes such as the rise in sea levels on the west coast, erosion, deposition practices, industrial and agricultural development, and the changing interests and capabilities of antiquarians and archaeologists.

The first permanent inhabitants of the Cumbria region were based in caves during the Mesolithic era. The Neolithic saw the construction of monuments and the running of the axe 'factory' from which stone axes were carried around the country. The Bronze Age saw continuity with the Neolithic way of living and Iron Age Cumbria saw the establishment of Celtic tribes in the region - possibly those called the Carvetii and Setantii by the Romans. (Full article...)

List of selected articles

General images

The following are images from various Cumbria-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1 William Wordsworth (from Cumbria)
Image 2A Tesco store underwater in Carlisle during the January 2005 floods (from History of Cumbria)
Image 3Galava Roman fort, Ambleside (from History of Cumbria)
Image 4Long Meg and Her Daughters (from History of Cumbria)
Image 5Carlisle Castle – begun by William Rufus in 1092; rebuilt in stone under Henry I, 1122–35, and David I of Scotland, 1136–1153 (from History of Cumbria)
Image 6The historic counties shown within Cumbria
  Boundary of Cumbria
  Cumberland
  Westmorland
  Lancashire
  West Riding of Yorkshire
(from History of Cumbria)
Image 7Swarthy Hill, near Crosscanonby on the Solway coast – possible site of Iron Age hillfort, later the site of mile-fortlet 21 in Roman times (from History of Cumbria)
Image 8Wray Castle – built by a Liverpool doctor who had married a rich wife. Constructed in 1840 at the head of Windermere. Associated with two key players of the National Trust : Canon Rawnsley and Beatrix Potter (from History of Cumbria)
Image 9Scots' Dike (from History of Cumbria)
Image 10Kents Bank, Cumbria (from History of Cumbria)
Image 11Hardknott Roman Fort (from History of Cumbria)
Image 12Craven Park, home of Barrow Raiders (from Cumbria)
Image 13Calder Abbey (from History of Cumbria)
Image 14Rydal Mount – home to Wordsworth 1813–1850. Hundreds of visitors came here to see him over the years (from History of Cumbria)
Image 15Napes Needle on Great Gable, a favourite of the early climbers (from History of Cumbria)
Image 16Walls Castle, Ravenglass: the possible site of the Arthurian Lyons Garde or St Patrick's birthplace (from History of Cumbria)
Image 17High Cup Nick, in the North Pennines (from Cumbria)
Image 18Roman milestone still in situ by the A66 near Kirkby Thore (from History of Cumbria)
Image 19Dove Cottage (Town End, Grasmere) – home of William and Dorothy Wordsworth, 1799–1808; home of Thomas De Quincey, 1809–1820 (from History of Cumbria)
Image 20Cairn circle, Oddendale (from History of Cumbria)
Image 21'Giants Grave', St. Andrew's churchyard, Penrith, an unusual arrangement of two Viking-age cross-shafts with four hogbacks (in the foreground). In addition, there is a smaller, Viking-age, wheel-headed cross just visible in the background (from History of Cumbria)
Image 22Sizergh Castle (from Cumbria)
Image 23Wetheral Priory Gatehouse – all that remains of Wetheral Priory, founded by Ranulf le Meschin in 1106 (from History of Cumbria)
Image 24The Ormside bowl, probably late 8th century and made in Northumbria; possibly looted from York by a Viking warrior and buried with him at Great Ormside (from History of Cumbria)
Image 25Muncaster Castle (from Cumbria)
Image 26Workington Hall, the Curwens' family seat (from History of Cumbria)
Image 27Hadrian's Wall (from History of Cumbria)
Image 28The Rere or Rey Cross on Stainmore (from History of Cumbria)
Image 29St Mary's Church, Abbeytown : all that is left of Holmcultram Abbey, founded by David I, King of Scots, and his son, Earl Henry, in 1150 (from History of Cumbria)
Image 30The Eden Valley between Appleby and Penrith, an area referred to affectionately as the heartland of Rheged in the praise poems of Taliesin (from History of Cumbria)
Image 31Kentmere Hall, an example of a Cumbrian Pele tower (from History of Cumbria)
Image 32Milefortlet 21 at Crosscanonby on the Cumbrian coast, with later, 18th-century, saltpans across the road to the left (from History of Cumbria)
Image 33The historic counties shown within Cumbria
  Boundary of Cumbria
  Historic Cumberland
  Historic Westmorland
  Historic Lancashire
  West Riding of Yorkshire
(from Cumbria)
Image 34St Laurence's Church, Morland : with "the only tower of Anglo-Saxon character in the NW counties", according to Pevsner. Tower possibly built by order of Siward, Earl of Northumbria, sometime between 1042 and 1055; nave possibly later (1120) (from History of Cumbria)
Image 35The site of the 2007 Grayrigg train derailment (from History of Cumbria)
Image 36Approximate extent of Domesday coverage : the district of Hougun, if indeed it was a district, may have covered the three peninsulas at the left of the pink area (from History of Cumbria)
Image 37Gateway to the College at Kirkoswald (from History of Cumbria)
Image 38The entrance to Whinlatter Forest Park (from Cumbria)
Image 39Topographic map of Cumbria (from Cumbria)
Image 40Birdoswald – showing partial blockage of main (east) gateway (from History of Cumbria)
Image 41BAE Systems Submarine Solutions in Barrow-in-Furness has a workforce of around 12,000 people. (from Cumbria)
Image 42The Gosforth Cross, 10th-century Viking-age sculpture. (A replica of 1887, with clearer depictions of the decoration, may be found in the churchyard at Aspatria, along with a replica of another cross, the original of which is at Dearham) (from History of Cumbria)
Image 43Little Meg – a Bronze Age ring cairn with spiral rock art (from History of Cumbria)
Image 44 Stan Laurel (from Cumbria)
Image 45Cumbria within England (from History of Cumbria)
Image 46Carlisle Cathedral : founded in 1133 (from History of Cumbria)
Image 47A Border Reiver : statue in Carlisle (from History of Cumbria)
Image 48The banks of Brocavum Roman fort in the foreground; Brougham Castle is in the background (from History of Cumbria)
Image 49The M6 motorway and West Coast Main Line near Grayrigg Forest (from Cumbria)
Image 50Fibulae from the Penrith Hoard, 10th century (British Museum) (from History of Cumbria)
Image 51Furness Abbey, founded in 1123 by Stephen, King of England, attacked by the Scots in 1322 (from History of Cumbria)
Image 52 Beatrix Potter (from Cumbria)
Image 53The Stanegate line is marked in red, to the south of the later Hadrian's Wall. (n.b. Brocavum is Brougham, not Kirkby Thore as given in the map) (from History of Cumbria)
Image 54Neolithic stone axe with handle from Ehenside Tarn (now in the British Museum) (from History of Cumbria)
Image 55Yanwath hall – a semi-fortified house near Penrith (from History of Cumbria)
Image 56Castlerigg Stone Circle (from History of Cumbria)
Image 57The Irton Cross, Irton, Cumbria, early 9th century, Anglian (pre-Viking) sculpture (from History of Cumbria)
Image 58Brantwood, overlooking Coniston Water, viewed from the steam yacht 'Gondola' – note the angled, corner windows designed to take in the views (from History of Cumbria)
Image 59The Anglo-Scottish marches (from History of Cumbria)
Image 60Possible position of Rheged (from History of Cumbria)
Image 61Tomb of Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre at Lanercost Priory (from History of Cumbria)
Image 62So-called "Saint's tomb" (left), and "Warrior's tomb" (right), two hogbacks in St. Mary's church, Gosforth. Typically high and narrow Cumbrian style, in the shape of a building with a roof, eaves and walls. The Saint's tomb has a crucifixion on the end, the Warrior's tomb has a procession of armed men (from History of Cumbria)
Image 63Furness Abbey (from Cumbria)
Image 64Loki stone, Kirkby Stephen parish church, part of a 10th-century Viking-age cross-shaft. But does it show Loki or Satan? (from History of Cumbria)
Image 65Brunton Park, the home of Carlisle United (from Cumbria)
Image 66Muncaster Castle (from Cumbria)
Image 67Claife Station on the western shore of Windermere – built in the 1790s with tinted windows angled to take in all the aesthetically pleasing views (from History of Cumbria)
Image 68The Crosby Garrett Helmet – (private collection) (from History of Cumbria)
Image 69The University of Cumbria's Fusehill Campus in Carlisle (from Cumbria)
Image 70Hadrian's Wall (from Cumbria)
Image 71Greta Hall, Keswick – home of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 1800–1804; home to Robert Southey, 1803–1843 (from History of Cumbria)
Image 72Penrith Castle : Richard, Duke of Gloucester, (later Richard III of England), was based here when Sheriff of Cumberland in the 1470s (from History of Cumbria)
Image 73The northeastern Irish Sea, showing new settlements with Norse place names. (from History of Cumbria)
Image 74The Staffordshire Moorlands Pan – an enamelled cooking and serving vessel, engraved with the names of four Hadrian's Wall forts sited in Cumbria (2nd century AD). See also the article on the Rudge Cup and Amiens skillet. (from History of Cumbria)
Image 75Location of Inglewood Forest, stretching from Carlisle to Penrith; it was the most northerly of the Royal forests (from History of Cumbria)
Image 76Great Langdale, site of the Langdale Axe Factory (from History of Cumbria)
Image 77The Fish Hotel, Buttermere – where Mary Robinson worked (from History of Cumbria)
Image 78Local government districts 1974–2023
1. City of Carlisle
2. Allerdale
3. Eden
4. Copeland
5. South Lakeland
6. Barrow-in-Furness (from History of Cumbria)
Image 79Iron Age roundhouse reconstruction (from History of Cumbria)
Image 80Greystoke Castle. Held by the Greystoke family, then by the Dacres and inherited by the Howard family during Elizabeth I's reign. Photo:Simon Ledingham (from History of Cumbria)
Image 81Swinside stone circle (from History of Cumbria)
Image 82The Castlerigg stone circle dates from the late Neolithic age and was constructed by some of the earliest inhabitants of Cumbria (from Cumbria)

Recognised content

Featured articles

Brougham Castle • HMS Cardiff (D108) • Norman Birkett, 1st Baron Birkett

Featured pictures

File:Derwent Water, Keswick - June 2009.jpg • File:Helvellyn Striding Edge 360 Panorama, Lake District - June 09.jpg • File:Keswick, Cumbria Panorama 1 - June 2009.jpg • File:Keswick Panorama - Oct 2009.jpg • File:Catbells Northern Ascent, Lake District - June 2009.jpg • File:Glenridding, Cumbria, England - June 2009.jpg

Good articles

Andrew Johnston (singer) • Askam and Ireleth • Brough Castle • Grayrigg derailment • Herdwick • Lady in the Lake trial • Nethermost Pike • The Story of a Fierce Bad Rabbit • The Story of Miss Moppet • The Tale of Benjamin Bunny • The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck • The Tale of Mr. Jeremy Fisher • The Tale of Mr. Tod • The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle • The Tale of Mrs. Tittlemouse • The Tale of The Flopsy Bunnies • The Tale of Timmy Tiptoes

Selected geographic feature -

Bowfell from Shelter Crags, about 1 mi (1.5 km) south along the ridge

Bowfell (named Bow Fell on Ordnance Survey maps) is a pyramid-shaped mountain lying at the heart of the English Lake District, in the Southern Fells area. It is the sixth-highest mountain in the Lake District and one of the most popular of the Lake District fells for walkers. It is listed in Alfred Wainwright's 'best half dozen' Lake District fells. (Full article...)

List of selected geographic features
Derwentwater Haweswater Reservoir Rydal Water Ullswater Wast Water Windermere Scafell Pike Scafell Pillar (Lake District) Great Gable Great End Skiddaw Helvellyn Borrowdale Volcanic Group Geology of the Lake District Yorkshire Dales National Park Belah Viaduct Cross Fell Port of Barrow Solway Coast Moorhouse and Cross Fell Ease Gill Caverns Ravenglass Roman Bath House Dales Way

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WikiProjects related to Cumbria:

WikiProject Geography
- WikiProject Europe
  - WikiProject England
    - Wikipedia:WikiProject Lancashire and Cumbria

WikiProjects about things important to Cumbria:

WikiProject Mountains
WikiProject Lakes
WikiProject Travel and Tourism

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Selected picture

A 360 degree view from the summit of Catbells near Keswick on Derwent Water in the Lake District.

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