History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)

Maoist China
Maoist China
1949–1976
	Mao Zedong with Nikita Khrushchev, Ho Chi Minh and Soong Ching-ling during a state dinner in Beijing, 1959
Location	China
Including	Cold War
Leader(s)	Mao Zedong
President(s)	Mao Zedong; Liu Shaoqi; Soong Ching-ling (acting); Dong Biwu (acting)
Prime Minister(s)	Zhou Enlai
Key events	Proclamation of the People's Republic of China; Korean War; Great Leap Forward; Cultural Revolution; Vietnam War
History of the Republic of China	History of the People's Republic of China (1976–1989)

People's Republic of China
中華人民共和國 (Chinese)
*Chunghwa Jenmin Kunghokuo*
中华人民共和国 (Chinese)
*Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó*
People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國 (Chinese); Chunghwa Jenmin Kunghokuo; 中华人民共和国 (Chinese); Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó;
1949–1976
	Flag National emblem
	Anthem: 義勇軍進行曲 / 义勇军进行曲; Iyungchün Chinhsingch'ü; Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ; "March of the Volunteers"; 東方紅 / 东方红; Tungfang Hung; Dōngfāng Hóng; "The East Is Red"; (de facto, 1966–1976);
	National seal:; 中華人民共和國中央人民政府之印; (1949–1959);
	Land controlled by the People's Republic of China shown in dark green; land claimed but not controlled shown in light green.
Capital	Beijing; 39°55′N 116°23′E
Largest city	Shanghai (metropolitan area and urban area)
Official languages	Standard Chinese
Recognised regional languages	Mongolian; Uyghur; Tibetan; Zhuang; various others;
Official script	Traditional Chinese; Simplified Chinese
Ethnic groups	See List of ethnic groups in China
Religion	See Religion in China
Demonym(s)	Chinese
Government	Unitary Maoist one-party socialist republic under a totalitarian dictatorship
CCP Chairman
• 1949–1976	Mao Zedong
• 1976	Hua Guofeng
Chairman
• 1949–1959	Mao Zedong
• 1959–1968	Liu Shaoqi
• 1968–1972	Soong Ching-ling (acting)
• 1968–1975	Dong Biwu (acting)
• 1975–1976	Zhu De
• 1976	Soong Ching-ling (acting)
Premier
• 1949–1976	Zhou Enlai
• 1976	Hua Guofeng
Legislature	Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (until 1954); National People's Congress (from 1954)
Historical era	Cold War
• Proclamation of the People's Republic	1 October 1949
• Conquest of Hainan Island	1 May 1950
• Korean War	1950–1953
• 1st National People's Congress	1954–1959
• Great Leap Forward	1958–1962
• Cultural Revolution	1966–1976
• Widespread recognition and assumption of the "China" seat at the United Nations	25 October 1971
• Death of Mao Zedong	9 September 1976
Area
• Total	9,596,961 km2 (3,705,407 sq mi)
• Water (%)	2.8%
Population
• 1950	554,419,273
• 1975	926,240,885
Currency	Renminbi (yuan; ¥) (CNY)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard Time)
Date format	yyyy-mm-dd; or yyyy年m月d日; (CE; CE-1949);
Driving side	right
Calling code	+86
ISO 3166 code	CN
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Republic of China
	Liberated Zone
	Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region
	Soviet occupation of Lüshun base
Post-Mao China

The time period in China from the founding of the People's Republic in 1949 until Mao's death in 1976 is commonly known as Maoist China and Red China. The history of the People's Republic of China is often divided distinctly by historians into the Mao era and the post-Mao era. The country's Mao era lasted from the founding of the People's republic on 1 October 1949 to Deng Xiaoping's consolidation of power and policy reversal at the Third Plenum of the 11th Party Congress on 22 December 1978. The Mao era focuses on Mao Zedong's social movements from the early 1950s on, including land reform, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. The Great Chinese Famine, one of the worst famines in human history, occurred during this era.

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History of the People's Republic of China

1949–1976
Mao era Revolution Proclamation Korean War Land Reform Movement Zhen Fan Three-anti and Five-anti Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence Bandung Conference Sufan Hundred Flowers Anti-Rightist Two Bombs, One Satellite Great Leap Forward (Great Chinese Famine) Seven Thousand Cadres Conference Socialist Education Movement Third Front Cultural Revolution Restoring legitimate seat in the UN 1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
1976–1989
Transition and Deng era Arrest of the Gang of Four Boluan Fanzheng 1978 Truth Criterion Controversy Message to Compatriots in Taiwan Reforms and Opening-up Establishment of China-US Relations (Three Communiques) Four Modernizations Sino-Vietnamese War Beijing Spring Strike Hard Anti-crime Campaign Sino-British Joint Declaration Campaign against spiritual pollution Bourgeois liberalization Anti-bourgeois liberalization 863 Program 1986 Chinese student demonstrations Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration Revolutions of 1989 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
1989–2002
Jiang and the third generation Deng Xiaoping's southern tour 1992 consensus One country, two systems Hong Kong Macau 1998 China floods Embassy in Belgrade Bombed Persecution of Falun Gong China Western Development Hainan Island incident Bidding Beijing 2008 Joining WTO
2002–2012
Hu and the fourth generation 2002–2004 SARS outbreak Shenzhou 5 South–North Water Transfer Project Qinghai-Tibet Railway Sichuan earthquake Beijing Olympics Shanghai 2010 Expo Three Gorges Dam West–East Gas Pipeline Chinese High-speed Railway Liaoning Aircraft Carrier
2012–present
Xi and the fifth generation Anti-corruption campaign Belt and Road Initiative Chang'e 3 China Supercomputing Xinjiang internment camps Persecution of Uyghurs in China China–United States trade war Chinese Space Station 2019–20 Hong Kong protests COVID-19 pandemic Hong Kong national security law 2020–2021 reform spree Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games
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