Granisetron

Granisetron is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its main effect is to reduce the activity of the vagus nerve, which is a nerve that activates the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata. It does not have much effect on vomiting due to motion sickness. This drug does not have any effect on dopamine receptors or muscarinic receptors.

Granisetron
Clinical data
Trade namesKytril, Sancuso, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601211
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B1
Routes of
administration		By mouth, intravenous, transdermal
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability60%
Protein binding65%
MetabolismHepatic
Elimination half-life3–14 hours
ExcretionRenal 11–12%, faecal 38%
Identifiers
  • 1-Methyl-N-((1R,3r,5S)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.212.327
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC18H24N4O
Molar mass312.417 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
SMILES
  • CN4[C@@H]1CCC[C@H]4C[C@H](C1)NC(=O)c3nn(C)c2ccccc23
  • InChI=1S/C18H24N4O/c1-21-13-6-5-7-14(21)11-12(10-13)19-18(23)17-15-8-3-4-9-16(15)22(2)20-17/h3-4,8-9,12-14H,5-7,10-11H2,1-2H3,(H,19,23)/t12-,13+,14- Y
  • Key:MFWNKCLOYSRHCJ-BTTYYORXSA-N Y
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Granisetron was developed by chemists working at the British drug company Beecham c. 1985 and is available as a generic. It is produced by Roche Laboratories under the trade name Kytril. The drug was approved in the United Kingdom in 1991 and in United States in 1994 by the FDA.

A granisetron transdermal patch with the trade name Sancuso was approved by the US FDA on September 12, 2008. Sancuso is manufactured by 3M Drug Delivery Systems for Kyowa Kirin, Inc.

It was patented in 1985 and approved for medical use in 1991. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

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