Khanate of Khiva
The Khanate of Khiva (Chagatay: خیوه خانلیگی, romanized: Khivâ Khânligi, Persian: خانات خیوه, romanized: Khânât-e Khiveh, Uzbek: Xiva xonligi, Turkmen: Hywa hanlygy, Russian: Хивинское ханство, romanized: Khivinskoye khanstvo) was a Central Asian polity that existed in the historical region of Khwarazm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Afsharid occupation by Nader Shah between 1740 and 1746. Centred in the irrigated plains of the lower Amu Darya, south of the Aral Sea, with the capital in the city of Khiva. It covered present-day western Uzbekistan, southwestern Kazakhstan and much of Turkmenistan before the Russian conquest at the second half of the 19th century.
Khanate of Khiva | |||||||||
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| 1511–1920 | |||||||||
The Khanate of Khiva (bordered in red), c. 1700. | |||||||||
| Status |
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| Capital | Khiva | ||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Absolute hereditary monarchy | ||||||||
| Khan | |||||||||
• 1511–1518 | Ilbars I (first) | ||||||||
• 1918–1920 | Sayid Abdullah (last) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1511 | ||||||||
• Afsharid conquest | 1740 | ||||||||
• Qungrad dynasty est. | 1804 | ||||||||
• Russian conquest | 12 August 1873 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 2 February 1920 | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| 1911 | 67,521 km2 (26,070 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1902 | 700,000 | ||||||||
• 1908 | 800,000 | ||||||||
• 1911 | 550,000 | ||||||||
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| Today part of |
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| History of Turkmenistan |
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| Turkmenistan portal |
In 1873, the Khanate of Khiva was greatly reduced in size and became a Russian protectorate. The other regional protectorate that lasted until the Revolution was the Emirate of Bukhara. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Khiva had a revolution too, and in 1920 the Khanate was replaced by the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic. In 1924, the area was formally incorporated into the Soviet Union and today it is largely a part of Karakalpakstan, Xorazm Region in Uzbekistan, and Daşoguz Region of Turkmenistan.