Kareniaceae

Kareniaceae is a accepted marine family of relatively small, toxic, unarmored dinoflagellates belonging to the order Gymnodiniales. Species in the Kareniaceae clade often times cause discolored green Harmful algea blooms (HABs) that pose a safety and health risk to humans (H. sapiens) and the regions around it. Such blooms also pose a risk to coastal aquaculture worldwide, especially places like France, Atlantic ocean, the English channel and the Mediterranean sea.

Species in this family produces Neurotoxins like Brevetoxin which causes Human Shellfish Poisoning (HSP), respiratory effects and mass fish death.