Juno (protein)

IZUMO1R
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	5JKD, 5F4Q, 5JKB, 5F4E, 5JKA, 5JKC, 5JKE
Identifiers
Aliases	IZUMO1R, Folbp3, JUNO, FOLR4, Juno (protein), IZUMO1 receptor, JUNO, FR-delta
External IDs	OMIM: 615737 MGI: 1929185 HomoloGene: 11283 GeneCards: IZUMO1R
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	94,308,146 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (mouse)
End	14,815,245 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	lymph node; ; ascending aorta; ; sural nerve; ; Achilles tendon; ; left coronary artery; ; right coronary artery; ; smooth muscle tissue; ; appendix; ; rectum; ; popliteal artery;
	Top expressed in
	secondary oocyte; ; thymus; ; morula; ; spleen; ; blood; ; jejunum; ; ovary; ; yolk sac; ; blastocyst; ; muscular system;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; folic acid binding; signaling receptor activity; signaling receptor binding;
Cellular component	anchored component of membrane; membrane; extracellular region; plasma membrane; anchored component of external side of plasma membrane;
Biological process	single fertilization; cell adhesion; fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization; sperm-egg recognition; signal transduction;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	390243
	64931
	ENSG00000183560
	ENSMUSG00000031933
	A6ND01
	Q9EQF4
	NM_001080486; NM_001199206; NM_001393610
	NM_022888; NM_176807
	NP_001186135
	NP_075026; NP_789777
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Juno also known as folate receptor 4, folate receptor delta or IZUMO1R is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOLR4 gene. Juno is a member of the folate receptor family and is GPI-anchored to the plasmalemma of the mammalian egg cell that recognizes its sperm-riding counterpart, IZUMO1, and facilitates fertilization. The protein was named after Juno, the Roman goddess of fertility and marriage.

After the initial fertilisation stage, a sudden decrease of Juno from the egg cell surface occurs and Juno becomes virtually undetectable after just 40 minutes. Still, after fertilization via intracytoplasmic sperm injection, the egg cell does not lose cell-surface expression of Juno, which suggests that Juno contributes to the prevention of polyspermy. Mice lacking Juno on the surface of their egg cells are infertile because their egg cells do not fuse with normal sperm, demonstrating Juno's essential role in the fertility of female mice.

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