Julian Schwinger
Julian Seymour Schwinger (/ˈʃwɪŋər/; February 12, 1918 – July 16, 1994) was a Nobel Prize-winning American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on quantum electrodynamics (QED), in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order. Schwinger was a physics professor at several universities.
Julian Schwinger | |
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Schwinger in 1965 | |
| Born | Julian Seymour Schwinger February 12, 1918 New York City, U.S. |
| Died | July 16, 1994 (aged 76) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | City College of New York (BA) Columbia University (BA, PhD) |
| Known for | Quantum electrodynamics Electroweak interaction Cavity perturbation theory Dyon Spin–statistics theorem MacMahon Master theorem Mutually unbiased bases Keldysh formalism List of things named after Julian Schwinger |
| Spouse | Clarice Carrol (m. 1947) (1917-2011) |
| Awards | Albert Einstein Award (1951) National Medal of Science (1964) Nobel Prize in Physics (1965) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Quantum field theory |
| Institutions | University of California, Berkeley Purdue University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard University University of California, Los Angeles University of Chicago |
| Thesis | On the magnetic scattering of neutrons (1939) |
| Doctoral advisor | Isidor Isaac Rabi |
| Doctoral students | Richard Arnowitt Roy Glauber Ben R. Mottelson Eugen Merzbacher Sheldon Glashow Walter Kohn Bryce DeWitt Daniel Kleitman Sam Edwards Gordon Baym Lowell S. Brown Stanley Deser Lawrence Paul Horwitz Margaret G. Kivelson Tung-Mow Yan Charles M. Sommerfield Kenneth Alan Johnson |
Schwinger is recognized as one of the greatest physicists of the twentieth century, responsible for much of modern quantum field theory, including a variational approach, and the equations of motion for quantum fields. He developed the first electroweak model, and the first example of confinement in 1+1 dimensions. He is responsible for the theory of multiple neutrinos, Schwinger terms, and the theory of the spin-3/2 field.