Jewel v. National Security Agency
Jewel v. National Security Agency, 673 F.3d 902 (9th Cir., 2011), was a class action lawsuit argued before the District Court for the Northern District of California and the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, filed by Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) on behalf of American citizens who believed that they had been surveilled by the National Security Agency (NSA) without a warrant. The EFF alleged that the NSA's surveillance program was an "illegal and unconstitutional program of dragnet communications surveillance" and claimed violations of the Fourth Amendment.
| Jewel v. National Security Agency | |
|---|---|
| Court | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit |
| Full case name | Carolyn Jewel v. National Security Agency |
| Argued | August 31, 2011 |
| Decided | December 29, 2011 |
| Citation(s) | 673 F.3d 902 |
| Holding | |
| Citizens wishing to file suit against the U.S. Government for warrantless telecommunications surveillance must prove standing and personal injury. | |
| Court membership | |
| Judge(s) sitting | Harry Pregerson, Michael Daly Hawkins and M. Margaret McKeown |
| Case opinions | |
| Majority | M. Margaret McKeown |
| Laws applied | |
| Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, Fourth Amendment | |
National Security Agency surveillance |
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