Italian War of 1551–1559
The Italian War of 1551–1559 began when Henry II of France declared war against Holy Roman Emperor Charles V with the intent of recapturing parts of Italy and ensuring French, rather than Habsburg, domination of European affairs. The war ended following the signing of the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis between the monarchs of Spain, England and France in 1559. Historians have emphasized the importance of gunpowder technology, new styles of fortification to resist cannon fire, and the increased professionalization of the soldiers.
| Italian War of 1551–1559 | |||||||||
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| Part of the Italian Wars and the French-Habsburg rivalry | |||||||||
The Battle of Scannagallo in 1554 by Giorgio Vasari, in the Palazzo Vecchio of Florence | |||||||||
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