Isobutane
Isobutane, also known as i-butane, 2-methylpropane or methylpropane, is a chemical compound with molecular formula HC(CH3)3. It is an isomer of butane. Isobutane is a colorless, odorless gas. It is the simplest alkane with a tertiary carbon atom. Isobutane is used as a precursor molecule in the petrochemical industry, for example in the synthesis of isooctane.
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
2-Methylpropane | |||
Other names
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| 1730720 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.780 | ||
| EC Number |
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| E number | E943b (glazing agents, ...) | ||
| 1301 | |||
| KEGG | |||
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1969 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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SMILES
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| Properties | |||
| C4H10 | |||
| Molar mass | 58.124 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
| Odor | Odorless | ||
| Density |
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| Melting point | −159.42 °C (−254.96 °F; 113.73 K) | ||
| Boiling point | −11.7 °C (10.9 °F; 261.4 K) | ||
| 48.9 mg⋅L−1 (at 25 °C (77 °F)) | |||
| Vapor pressure | 3.1 atm (310 kPa) (at 21 °C (294 K; 70 °F)) | ||
Henry's law constant (kH) |
8.6 nmol⋅Pa−1⋅kg−1 | ||
| Conjugate acid | Isobutanium | ||
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) |
−51.7·10−6 cm3/mol | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
96.65 J⋅K−1⋅mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−134.8 – −133.6 kJ⋅mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−2.86959 – −2.86841 MJ⋅mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Danger | |||
| H220 | |||
| P210 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) |
1
4
0 | ||
| Flash point | −83 °C (−117 °F; 190 K) | ||
| 460 °C (860 °F; 733 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 1.4–8.3% | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
None | ||
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 800 ppm (1900 mg/m3) | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
N.D. | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | lindeus.com | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related alkane |
Isopentane | ||
| Supplementary data page | |||
| Isobutane (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
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