History of Venezuela (1999–present)

Since 2 February 1999, Venezuela saw sweeping and radical shifts in social policy, moving away from the last government's officially embracing a free-market economy and liberalization reform principles and towards income redistribution and social welfare programs.

Then-President Hugo Chávez dramatically shifted Venezuela's traditional foreign policy alignment. Instead of continuing Venezuela's past alignment with the United States and European strategic interests, Chávez promoted alternative development and integration policies targeted to the Global South.

Chávez died in office on 5 March 2013 and was succeeded by his Vice President Nicolás Maduro, who gained a slim majority in the 14 April 2013 special election and has ruled by decree for the majority of the period between 19 November 2013 through 2018.

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History of Venezuela

Chronology
Pre-Columbian period 1522–1821 1821–30 1830–1908 1908–58 1948–58 1953–99 1999–present
Topics
New Spain Province of Venezuela Viceroyalty of New Granada Captaincy General American Confederation of Venezuela War of Independence First Republic Second Republic Third Republic Caudillismo Revolution of the Reforms 1848–1849 civil war March Revolution Federal War Blue Revolution April Revolution Revindicating Revolution Legalist Revolution Andean Hegemony Restorative Liberal Revolution Liberating Revolution 1902–03 blockade 1908 coup Oil industry history Generation of 1928 El Trienio Adeco Democratic period 1958 coup Punto Fijo Pact Carupanazo Porteñazo Caracazo February 1992 coup attempt November 1992 coup attempt Bolivarian Revolution Vargas tragedy 2002 coup attempt 2002–03 general strike 2004 recall referendum 2007 RCTV protests Death and state funeral of Hugo Chávez Crisis in Venezuela
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