History of Germany (1990–present)
The history of Germany from 1990 to the present spans the period following the German reunification, when West Germany and East Germany were reunited after being divided during the Cold War. Germany after 1990 is referred to by historians as the Berlin Republic (Berliner Republik). This time period is also determined by the ongoing process of the "inner reunification" of the formerly divided country.
Federal Republic of Germany Bundesrepublik Deutschland (German) | |||||||||
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| Anthem: Deutschlandlied "Song of Germany" | |||||||||
Location of History of Germany (1990–present) (dark green) – in Europe (light green & dark grey) | |||||||||
| Capital | Berlin 52°31′N 13°23′E Bonn (seat of government, 1990–1999) 50°44′N 7°6′E | ||||||||
| Largest city | Berlin 52°31′N 13°23′E | ||||||||
| Official language | German | ||||||||
| Demonym(s) | German | ||||||||
| Government | Federal parliamentary republic | ||||||||
• President | Frank-Walter Steinmeier | ||||||||
| Olaf Scholz | |||||||||
| Legislature | |||||||||
• Upper house | Bundesrat | ||||||||
• Lower house | Bundestag | ||||||||
| Formation | |||||||||
| 3 October 1990 | |||||||||
• Sovereignty attained | 15 March 1991 | ||||||||
| 31 August 1994 | |||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• Total | 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi) (63rd) | ||||||||
• Water (%) | 1.27 (2015) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 2020 estimate | 83,190,556 (18th) | ||||||||
• Density | 232/km2 (600.9/sq mi) (58th) | ||||||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2021 estimate | ||||||||
• Total | $4.743 trillion (5th) | ||||||||
• Per capita | $56,956 (15th) | ||||||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2021 estimate | ||||||||
• Total | $4.319 trillion (4th) | ||||||||
• Per capita | $51,860 (15th) | ||||||||
| Gini (2019) | 29.7 low | ||||||||
| HDI (2019) | 0.947 very high (6th) | ||||||||
| Currency | 1990–1999: Deutsche Mark (DM) 1999–present: Euro (€) (EUR) | ||||||||
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) | ||||||||
| UTC+2 (CEST) | |||||||||
| Driving side | right | ||||||||
| Calling code | +49 | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | DE | ||||||||
| Internet TLD | .de | ||||||||
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| History of Germany |
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