German–Polish Border Treaty

The German–Polish Border Treaty of 1990 finally settled the issue of the Polish–German border, which in terms of international law had been pending since 1945. It was signed by the foreign ministers of Poland and Germany, Krzysztof Skubiszewski and Hans-Dietrich Genscher, on 14 November 1990 in Warsaw, ratified by the Polish Sejm on 26 November 1991 and the German Bundestag on 16 December 1991, and entered into force with the exchange of the instruments of ratification on 16 January 1992.

Treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Poland on the confirmation of the frontier between them
TypeBorder treaty
Signed14 November 1990
LocationWarsaw, Poland
Effective16 January 1992
Signatories
Languages
Territorial evolution of Poland
in the 20th century
Pre-World War II
  • Revolution in Congress Poland (1905–1907)
    • Ostrowiec Republic
    • Zagłębie Republic
  • Separation of Kholm Governorate from Congress Poland and annexation into Russian Kiev General Governorate (1913)
  • Act of 5th November by the Central Powers proclaiming Kingdom of Poland (1916)
  • Central Powers-Ukrainian People's Republic/Ukrainian State Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918)
  • Central Powers-Soviet Russia Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918)
  • Short-lived Byelorussian, Ukrainian and Rusyn republics (1917-1920): West Ukrainian People's (later absorbed into Poland-allied Ukrainian People 's), Belarusian Democratic, Lemko, Komancza
  • Local revolts and transient polities in postwar power vacuum (1918)
  • Restoration of Polish independence (1918) and ensuing wars to preseve it (1918-1922):
    • Greater Poland uprising
    • Silesian Uprisings
    • Polish–Czechoslovak War
    • Polish-West Ukrainian War
    • War of Polish-Ukrainian alliance against Soviet Russia (1920-1921) and its satellites:
      • Ukrainian SSR
      • short-lived Galician SSR later merged into the former
      • short-lived SSR of Lithuania and Belorussia
      • attempted Polish SSR later dissolved and replaced with token Polish National Districts
    • Polish-Lithuanian War
  • Treaty of Versailles (1919)
  • Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)
  • Suwałki Agreement (1920)
  • Treaty of Warsaw (1920) with Ukrainian People's Republic
  • 1920 East Prussian plebiscite (1920)
  • Polish satellite states
  • Peace of Riga (1921): eastern border of Poland accepted by Russian SFSR and its satellites (Byelorussian SSR which replaced SSR of Lithuania and Belorussia, and Ukrainian SSR which replaced Ukrainian People's Republic)
  • Incorporation of Central Lithuania (1922)
  • German–Polish Convention regarding Upper Silesia (1922)
  • Polish National Districts of the Soviet Union (1925-1937)
    • Marchlewszczyzna (1925-1931)
    • Dzierżyńszczyzna (1932-1937)
  • Munich Agreement and Polish annexation of Trans-Olza (1938)
  • First Vienna Award and Polish annexation of parts of Spiš and Orava (1938)
  • Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (1939)
World War II
  • Wartime administrative division
  • Territories of Poland and Danzig annexed by Nazi Germany
  • General Government
  • Polish areas annexed by USSR
  • Polish government-in-exile and Polish Underground State
  • German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement (1941)
  • Bialystok District
  • Sikorski–Mayski agreement (1941)
  • Transient Polish-controlled areas (1944)
    • Turgiele Republic
    • Iwonicz Republic
    • Second Pińczów Republic
    • Warsaw Uprising
  • Allied conferences
    • Tehran Conference (1943)
    • Moscow Conference (1943)
    • Yalta Conference (1945)
    • Potsdam Conference (1945)
Post World War II
  • Potsdam Agreement (1945)
  • Polish–Soviet border agreement (1945)
  • Treaty of Zgorzelec (1950)
  • Polish-Soviet Border Adjustment Treaty (1951)
  • Polish-Czechoslovak Border Treaty (1958)
  • Polish-East German Baltic Continental Shelf Delimitation Treaty (1968)
  • Treaty of Warsaw (1970)
  • Polish-Czechoslovak Border Adjustment (1976)
  • Polish-East German Maritime Boundary in Pomeranian Bay Delimitation Treaty (1989)
  • German-Polish Border Treaty (1990)
  • Two Plus Four Treaty (1991)
  • Treaty of Good Neighbourship (1991)
  • Poland–Slovakia Border Adjustment (2005)
  • Polish-Danish Maritime Boundary Delimitation Agreement (2018)
Areas
  • Remnants of Polish statehood during partitions:
  • Kresy Wschodnie ("Eastern Borderlands")
  • Kresy Zachodnie ("Western Borderlands")
    • 1815-1918 used as synonymous with entire Prussian partition of Poland
    • 1918-1945 used in altered meaning
      • regions unsuccessfully claimed from Germany by interwar Poland, in particular Upper Silesia, Warmia, Masuria, Powiśle, Posen-West Prussia, sometimes also Starostwo of Draheim, Lauenburg and Bütow Land and easternmost Hither Pomerania (Lands of Schlawe and Stolp)
      • Zaolzie
    • After 1945, the former eastern territories of Germany were called Recovered Territories, while the term Kresy Zachodnie fell into disuse, though it was sometimes invoked to denote Polish claims to some East German territories such as Wolgast Pomerania, Milsko, Miśnia or Lausitz, raised typically only until early 1970s as counterclaims to retaliate for West German calls for revision of Oder–Neisse line.
Demarcation lines
  • Greater Poland military demarcation line (1919-1920)
  • Cieszyn Silesia demarcation line (1918-1920)
  • Polish–Lithuanian demarcation line (1919-1920)
  • Curzon Line (1920)
  • Upper Silesia demarcation line (1921-1922)
  • Polish–Lithuanian demarcation line (1923-1938)
  • Oder–Neisse line (1945–1951)
Adjacent countries
  • Territorial evolution of Germany
  • Territorial changes of the Baltic states
  • Territorial evolution of Russia
Territorial evolution of Germany
in the 20th century
Pre-World War II
World War II
Post-World War II
  • Berlin Declaration (1945)
  • Potsdam Agreement (1945)
  • Luxembourg's annexations (1946 and 1949)
  • Saar Protectorate (1947)
  • Paris Protocol (1949)
  • Dutch annexation of Elten and Selfkant (1949)
  • Belgian annexations (1949)
  • Esrablishment of East and West Germany (1949)
  • Treaty of Zgorzelec (1950)
  • Minor territorial exchanges between East Germany and Poland (1949 and 1951)
  • Bonn–Paris conventions and de facto return of Heligoland from the UK (1952)
  • Return of Kehl from France (1953)
  • London and Paris Conferences (1954)
  • Austrian State Treaty (1955)
  • Saar Treaty (1956)
  • "Little Reunification" with Saarland (1957)
  • Belgium–Germany border treaty and return of the majority of annexations (1958)
  • Return of Kammerwald from Luxembourg (1959)
  • Ausgleichsvertrag (1960)
  • Return of Selfkant (1963)
  • Polish–East German Baltic Continental Shelf Delimitation Treaty (1968)
  • Treaty of Moscow (1970)
  • Treaty of Warsaw (1970)
  • Four Power Agreement on Berlin (1971)
  • Basic Treaty (1972)
  • Treaty of Prague (1973)
  • United Nations Security Council Resolution 335 (1973)
  • Polish–East German Maritime Boundary in Pomeranian Bay Delimitation Treaty (1989)
  • German–Polish Border Treaty (1990)
  • Two Plus Four Treaty (1991)
  • Treaty of Good Neighbourship (1991)
Areas and issues
Adjacent countries
  • Territorial evolution of France
  • Territorial evolution of Poland
  • Territorial evolution of Switzerland
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