General Leibniz rule

In calculus, the general Leibniz rule, named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, generalizes the product rule (which is also known as "Leibniz's rule"). It states that if ${\displaystyle f}$ and ${\displaystyle g}$ are ${\displaystyle n}$-times differentiable functions, then the product ${\displaystyle fg}$ is also ${\displaystyle n}$-times differentiable and its ${\displaystyle n}$th derivative is given by

${\displaystyle (fg)^{(n)}=\sum _{k=0}^{n}{n \choose k}f^{(n-k)}g^{(k)},}$

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where ${\displaystyle {n \choose k}={n! \over k!(n-k)!}}$ is the binomial coefficient and ${\displaystyle f^{(j)}}$ denotes the jth derivative of f (and in particular ${\displaystyle f^{(0)}=f}$).

The rule can be proven by using the product rule and mathematical induction.