Frederick Sanger

Frederick Sanger

OM CH CBE FRS FAA
Frederick Sanger; OM CH CBE FRS FAA
Born	13 August 1918; Rendcomb, Gloucestershire, England
Died	19 November 2013 (aged 95); Cambridge, England
Alma mater	St John's College, Cambridge (BA, PhD)
Known for	Determining the amino acid sequence of insulin; Sanger sequencing; Sanger Centre;
Spouse	Margaret Joan Howe
Awards	Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1958, 1980); Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences (1967); Royal Medal (1969); Gairdner Foundation International Award (1971); William Bate Hardy Prize (1976); Copley Medal (1977); Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize (1979);
	Scientific career
Fields	Biochemistry
Institutions	University of Cambridge; Laboratory of Molecular Biology;
Thesis	The metabolism of the amino acid lysine in the animal body (1943)
Doctoral advisor	Albert Neuberger
Doctoral students	George Brownlee; Elizabeth Blackburn; Rodney Porter;

Frederick Sanger OM CH CBE FRS FAA (/ˈsæŋər/; 13 August 1918 – 19 November 2013) was a British biochemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice.

He won the 1958 Chemistry Prize for determining the amino acid sequence of insulin and numerous other proteins, demonstrating in the process that each had a unique, definite structure; this was a foundational discovery for the central dogma of molecular biology.

At the newly constructed Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, he developed and subsequently refined the first-ever DNA sequencing technique, which vastly expanded the number of feasible experiments in molecular biology and remains in widespread use today. The breakthrough earned him the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which he shared with Walter Gilbert and Paul Berg.

He is one of only three people to have won multiple Nobel Prizes in the same category (the others being John Bardeen in physics and Karl Barry Sharpless in chemistry), and one of five persons with two Nobel Prizes.

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