Fourth Brazilian Republic
The Fourth Brazilian Republic, also known as the "Populist Republic" or as the "Republic of 46", is the period of Brazilian history between 1946 and 1964. It was marked by political instability and the military's pressure on civilian politicians which ended with the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état and the establishment of the Brazilian military dictatorship.
Republic of the United States of Brazil República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil | |||||||||
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| 1946–1964 | |||||||||
Flag (1960)
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| Motto: "Ordem e Progresso" (English: "Order and Progress") | |||||||||
| Anthem: "Hino Nacional Brasileiro" (English: "Brazilian National Anthem") | |||||||||
| Capital | Rio de Janeiro (until 1960) Brasília (after 1960) | ||||||||
| Common languages | Portuguese | ||||||||
| Religion (1950) |
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| Government | Federal presidential republic (1946–1961; 1963–1964) Federal parliamentary republic (1961–1963) | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1946–1951 (first) | Eurico Gaspar Dutra | ||||||||
• 1961–1964 (last) | João Goulart | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1961–1962 | Tancredo Neves | ||||||||
• 1962 | Brochado da Rocha | ||||||||
• 1962–1963 | Hermes Lima | ||||||||
| Legislature | National Congress | ||||||||
• Upper house | Senate | ||||||||
• Lower house | Chamber of Deputies | ||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||
| 31 January 1946 | |||||||||
| 18 September 1946 | |||||||||
• Brasília as capital | 21 April 1960 | ||||||||
• Parliamentary system | 8 September 1961 | ||||||||
| 24 January 1963 | |||||||||
| 31 March 1964 | |||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1950 | 51,944,397 | ||||||||
• 1960 | 70,992,343 | ||||||||
| Currency | Cruzeiro | ||||||||
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This period was marked by often tumultuous presidencies of Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Getúlio Vargas, Café Filho, Juscelino Kubitschek, Jânio Quadros and João Goulart. In 1945, president Getúlio Vargas was deposed by a bloodless military coup, but his influence in Brazilian politics remained until the end of the Fourth Republic. During this period, three parties dominated national politics. Two of them were pro-Vargas — the Brazilian Labour Party (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro, PTB) to the left and the Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrático, PSD) in the center — and another anti-Vargas party, the rightist National Democratic Union (União Democrática Nacional, UDN).