First Sudanese Civil War

First Sudanese Civil War
	Part of the Sudanese Civil Wars
	; Sudan (red) before 2011; the first civil war took place in the country's south
Date	18 August 1955 – 27 March 1972; (16 years, 7 months, 1 week and 2 days)
Location	Southern Sudan
Result	Stalemate Addis Ababa Agreement; Establishment of the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region with various defined powers;
Belligerents
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan; (1955–1956); Republic of the Sudan; (1956–1969); Democratic Republic of the Sudan; (1969–1972); Combat support:; Uganda; (Joint operations on Ugandan territory, 1965–1969); Libya; (Combat involvement at least in 1970); Non-combat support:; United Arab Republic; Soviet Union; United Kingdom; China; Yugoslavia; East Germany; Czechoslovakia; Saudi Arabia; Libya; Algeria; United States; West Germany	SDF mutineers, bandits, and unaffiliated separatist militias; ALF (1965–1970); Anyanya (from 1963); Israel (from 1969) ; Supported by:; Ethiopia; Uganda (from about 1970); Congo-Léopoldville; Kenya; France
Commanders and leaders
Alexander Knox Helm; Ismail al-Azhari; Gaafar Nimeiry	Joseph Lagu; Gordon Muortat Mayen; David Ben-Uziel
Strength
Sudanese Armed Forces:; 6,000–7,000 (1955); 36,000 (late 1971)	Anyanya:; 6,000–12,000; c. 18,000 (late 1960s)
Casualties and losses
	500,000–1 million killed

The First Sudanese Civil War (also known as the Anyanya Rebellion or Anyanya I, after the name of the rebels, a term in the Madi language which means 'snake venom') was a conflict from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and the southern Sudan region that demanded representation and more regional autonomy. The war was divided into four major stages: initial guerrilla warfare, the creation of the Anyanya insurgency, political strife within the government and establishment of the South Sudan Liberation Movement. Around a million people died over the course of the nearly 17-year long war.

Although the Addis Ababa Agreement ended the First Sudanese Civil War 1972, it failed to completely dispel the tensions and addressed only some of the issues stated by southern Sudan. The breakdown of the initial appeasement later led to a reigniting of the north–south conflict during the Second Sudanese Civil War, which lasted from 1983 to 2005.

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