Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin, sold under the brand name Adriamycin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. This includes breast cancer, bladder cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and acute lymphocytic leukemia. It is often used together with other chemotherapy agents. Doxorubicin is given by injection into a vein.
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| Pronunciation | /ˌdɒksəˈruːbɪsɪn/ |
| Trade names | Adriamycin, Caelyx, Myocet, others |
| Biosimilars | Zolsketil pegylated liposomal, Celdoxome pegylated liposomal |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682221 |
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| Routes of administration | intravenous, intravesical |
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| Bioavailability | 5% (by mouth) |
| Protein binding | 75% |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Elimination half-life | Triphasic; 12 minutes, 3.3 hours, 30 hours. Mean: 1–3 hours |
| Excretion | Urine (5–12%), faeces (40–50%) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.041.344 |
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| Formula | C27H29NO11 |
| Molar mass | 543.525 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include hair loss, bone marrow suppression, vomiting, rash, and inflammation of the mouth. Other serious side effects may include allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, heart damage, tissue damage at the site of injection, radiation recall, and treatment-related leukemia. People often experience red discoloration of the urine for a few days. Doxorubicin is in the anthracycline and antitumor antibiotic family of medications. It works in part by interfering with the function of DNA.
Doxorubicin was approved for medical use in the United States in 1974. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Versions that are pegylated and in liposomes are also available; however, they are more expensive. Doxorubicin was originally made from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius.