Dihydrofolate reductase

DHFR
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1BOZ, 1DHF, 1DLR, 1DLS, 1DRF, 1HFP, 1HFQ, 1HFR, 1KMS, 1KMV, 1MVS, 1MVT, 1OHJ, 1OHK, 1PD8, 1PD9, 1PDB, 1S3U, 1S3V, 1S3W, 1U71, 1U72, 1YHO, 2C2S, 2C2T, 2DHF, 2W3A, 2W3B, 2W3M, 3EIG, 3F8Y, 3F8Z, 3F91, 3FS6, 3GHC, 3GHV, 3GHW, 3GI2, 3GYF, 3L3R, 3N0H, 3NTZ, 3NU0, 3NXO, 3NXR, 3NXT, 3NXV, 3NXX, 3NXY, 3NZD, 3OAF, 3S3V, 3S7A, 4DDR, 4G95, 4KAK, 4KBN, 4KD7, 4KEB, 4KFJ, 4M6J, 4M6K, 4M6L, 4QHV, 4QJC
Identifiers
Aliases	DHFR, DHFRP1, DYR, dihydrofolate reductase
External IDs	OMIM: 126060 MGI: 94890 HomoloGene: 56470 GeneCards: DHFR
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (human)
End	80,654,983 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 13 (mouse)
End	92,525,561 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	ganglionic eminence; ; spongy bone; ; bone marrow; ; bone marrow cells; ; oocyte; ; inferior ganglion of vagus nerve; ; jejunal mucosa; ; endothelial cell; ; rectum; ; subthalamic nucleus;
	Top expressed in
	abdominal wall; ; primitive streak; ; maxillary prominence; ; Paneth cell; ; somite; ; internal carotid artery; ; medial ganglionic eminence; ; ureter; ; otic placode; ; kidney;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	methotrexate binding; folic acid binding; dihydrofolate reductase activity; NADPH binding; RNA binding; oxidoreductase activity; mRNA binding; folate reductase activity; translation repressor activity, mRNA regulatory element binding; sequence-specific mRNA binding; NADP binding;
Cellular component	cytosol; cytoplasm; mitochondrion; cellular component;
Biological process	response to methotrexate; dihydrofolate metabolic process; one-carbon metabolic process; axon regeneration; regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle; tetrahydrofolate metabolic process; tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity; folic acid metabolic process; tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process; regulation of removal of superoxide radicals; negative regulation of translation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1719
	13361
	ENSG00000228716
	ENSMUSG00000021707
	P00374
	P00375
	NM_000791; NM_001290354; NM_001290357
	NM_010049
	NP_000782; NP_001277283; NP_001277286
	NP_034179
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Dihydrofolate reductase, or DHFR, is an enzyme that reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, using NADPH as an electron donor, which can be converted to the kinds of tetrahydrofolate cofactors used in 1-carbon transfer chemistry. In humans, the DHFR enzyme is encoded by the DHFR gene. It is found in the q14.1 region of chromosome 5.

There are two structural classes of DHFR, evolutionarily unrelated to each other. The former is usually just called DHFR and is found in bacterial chromosomes and animals. In bacteria, however, antibiotic pressure has caused this class to evolve different patterns of binding diaminoheterocyclic molecules, leading to many "types" named under this class, while mammalian ones remain highly similar. The latter (type II), represented by the plastid-encoded R67, is a tiny enzyme that works by forming a homotetramer.

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