Costa Rica at the 2016 Summer Olympics

Costa Rica competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. This was the nation's fifteenth appearance at the Summer Olympics, since its debut in 1936.

Costa Rican Olympic Committee (Spanish: Comité Olímpico de Costa Rica) selected a squad of 11 athletes, six men and five women, to compete in six different sports at the Games. This was approximately the same size as the previous Games, with the addition of two female athletes and the difference of two males. Among the sports represented by the athletes, Costa Rica marked its Olympic debut in beach volleyball.

Nearly half of the Costa Rican roster had competed in London 2012, with sprinter Nery Brenes leading the athletes as the most experienced member and the nation's flag bearer in the opening ceremony at his third Games.

For the fourth consecutive time, Costa Rica left Rio de Janeiro without a single Olympic medal. Unable to reach the final, Brenes was the only athlete to produce a best finish for the Costa Rican squad at the Games, placing sixth each in the semifinal heat of both the men's 200 and 400 metres.