Constitution of the Netherlands

The Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Grondwet voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden) is one of two fundamental documents governing the Kingdom of the Netherlands as well as the fundamental law of the European territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is generally seen as directly derived from the one issued in 1815, constituting a constitutional monarchy; it is the third oldest constitution still in use worldwide. A revision in 1848 instituted a system of parliamentary democracy. In 1983, the most recent major revision of the Constitution of the Netherlands was undertaken, almost fully rewriting the text and adding new civil rights.

Constitution of the Netherlands
Overview
Original title(in Dutch) Grondwet voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden van 24 augustus 1815
Jurisdiction Kingdom of the Netherlands
Ratified24 August 1815 (1815-08-24)
Date effective24 August 1815 (1815-08-24)
SystemConstitutional monarchy
Government structure
BranchesThree (executive, legislature and judiciary)
ChambersTwo (Senate and the House of Representatives)
ExecutivePrime Minister-led Council of Ministers responsible to the House of Representatives
FederalismUnitary
Electoral collegeNo
Last amended22 February 2023 (2023-02-22)
SupersedesGrondwet van den Staat der Verëenigde Nederlanden (1814)
Part of the Politics series
Politics of the Netherlands
Constitution
Monarchy
Cabinet
States General
Judiciary
Elections
Local government
  • Provincial politics
  • Water boards
  • Municipal politics
  • BES islands
Foreign relations
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs
    Minister: Hanke Bruins Slot
  • Diplomatic missions of / in the Netherlands
  • Nationality law
  • Passport
  • Visa requirements
  • Visa policy of the Schengen Area
  • Visa policy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean
Related topics
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The text is sober, devoid of legal or political doctrine and includes a bill of rights. It prohibits the judiciary from testing laws and treaties against the constitution, as this is considered a prerogative of the legislature. There is no constitutional court in the Netherlands.

The Kingdom of the Netherlands also includes Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten: there is an overarching instrument of the entire kingdom that has constitution characteristics: the Statute of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Sint Maarten is the only country in the kingdom of the Netherlands that has a constitutional court to govern the Sint Maarten legislature

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