Constitution of Mongolia
The current Constitution of Mongolia (Mongolian: Монгол Улсын Үндсэн Хууль, romanized: Mongol Ulsyn Ündsen Khuuli, lit. 'Fundamental Law of Mongolia') was adopted on 13 January 1992, put into force on 12 February, with amendments made in 1999, 2000 and 2019. The constitution established a representative democracy in Mongolia, enshrining core functions of the government, including the separation of powers and election cycle, and guaranteeing human rights including freedom of religion, travel, expression, private property. The document was written after the Mongolian Revolution of 1990, effectively dissolving the Mongolian People's Republic.
| Constitution of Mongolia | |
|---|---|
| Overview | |
| Original title | Монгол Улсын Үндсэн Хууль |
| Jurisdiction | Mongolia |
| Ratified | 13 January 1992 |
| Date effective | 12 February 1992 |
| System | Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic |
| Government structure | |
| Branches | Three |
| Head of state | President |
| Chambers | Unicameral (State Great Khural) |
| Executive | Prime Minister led cabinet |
| Judiciary | Constitutional Court Supreme Court |
| Federalism | No |
| Electoral college | No |
| History | |
| First legislature | 20 July 1992 |
| First executive | 6 June 1993 (President) 21 July 1992 (PM) |
| Amendments | 3 |
| Last amended | 14 November 2019 |
| Location | Ulaanbaatar |
| Commissioned by | People's Great Khural |
| Supersedes | Constitution of the Mongolian People's Republic |
Politics of Mongolia |
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It consists of a preamble followed by six chapters divided into seventy articles. It is heavily inspired by Western liberal democracies, evident in its protection of minority rights, freedom of expression and assembly and multi-party parliamentary system.