Commune (Vietnam)

A commune (Vietnamese: xã) is a type of third tier subdivision of Vietnam. It is divided into 11,162 units along with wards and townships, which have an equal status.

Administrative Units
of Vietnam
First-level
  • Municipality
  • Province
Second-level
Third-level
Fourth-level (unofficial)
  • Neighborhood (khu phố)
  • Hamlet (xóm, ấp)
  • Village (làng, thôn, bản)
For other uses, see Commune (disambiguation).

Communes have a lower status than provincial cities, towns or districts.

This subdivision has existed since 1428, when Emperor Lê Thái Tổ re-organised the country into five administrative levels. Xã 社 was the lowest level, equivalent to a village.

Since 2019, Vietnam has undertaken a comprehensive rearrangement of administrative units in order to streamline the apparatus of local authorities. The re-organisation, conducted in two periods, between 2020 and 2023 and between 2023 and 2030, comprises forced mergers of several districts and commune-level administrative units and localities. As of April 2023, the number of third-level subdivision units dropped to 10,598 units including 1,737 wards, 614 commune-level towns and 8,247 communes. This has been a significant reduction from 11,162 in 2018.

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