Caucasian War
The Caucasian War (Russian: Кавказская война, romanized: Kavkazskaya voyna) or Caucasus War was a 19th-century military conflict between the Russian Empire and various peoples of the North Caucasus who resisted subjugation during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. It consisted of a series of military actions waged by the Russian Imperial Army and Cossack settlers against the native inhabitants such as the Adyghe, Abaza-Abkhazians, Ubykhs, Chechens, and Dagestanis as the Tsars sought to expand.
| Caucasian War | |||||||||
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| Part of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus | |||||||||
Franz Roubaud's A Scene from the Caucasian War | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
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Russia
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Principality of Abkhazia
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Tsar Alexander I Tsar Nicholas I Tsar Alexander II Michael Nikolaevich Grigory Zass Ivan Paskevich Aleksey Yermolov Mikhail Vorontsov Dmitry Milyutin Aleksandr Baryatinsky Ivan Andronnikov Grigory Rosen Yevgeny Golovin Nikolay Muravyov-Karsky Nikolay Yevdokimov Robert Segercrantz |
Ghazi Mullah † Qerandiqo Berzeg Seferbiy Zanuqo Muhammad Amin Asiyalo Jembulat Boletoqo Keysin Keytiqo Aslan-Bey Chacba Esho Marchand James Stanislaus Bell Teofil Lapinski | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
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1817–1864: 1819: 50,000 1857: 200,000 1862: 60,000 |
1817–1864: 15,000–25,000 Circassia: 35,000–40,000 | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown |
Civilian dead: 700,000 Total dead: High Total dead: High Total dead: High | ||||||||
Russian control of the Georgian Military Road in the center divided the Caucasian War into the Russo-Circassian War in the west and the conquest of Chechnya and Dagestan in the east. Other territories of the Caucasus (comprising contemporary eastern Georgia, southern Dagestan, Armenia and Azerbaijan) were incorporated into the Russian Empire at various times in the 19th century as a result of Russian wars with Persia. The remaining part, western Georgia, was taken by the Russians from the Ottomans during the same period.