Atrial natriuretic peptide

NPPA
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1ANP, 1YK0, 3N57
Identifiers
Aliases	NPPA, ANF, ANP, ATFB6, ATRST2, CDD, CDD-ANF, CDP, PND, Atrial natriuretic peptide, natriuretic peptide A
External IDs	OMIM: 108780 MGI: 97367 HomoloGene: 4498 GeneCards: NPPA
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	11,848,345 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (mouse)
End	148,086,536 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	vena cava; ; pancreatic ductal cell; ; left ventricle; ; right ventricle; ; parotid gland; ; triceps brachii muscle; ; gastric mucosa; ; anterior pituitary; ; skin of abdomen; ; gastrocnemius muscle;
	Top expressed in
	atrium; ; atrioventricular valve; ; aortic valve; ; endocardial cushion; ; myocardium of ventricle; ; cardiac muscles; ; interventricular septum; ; right ventricle; ; left atrium; ; right atrium;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	neuropeptide receptor binding; hormone activity; peptide hormone receptor binding; neuropeptide hormone activity; protein binding; signaling receptor binding; hormone receptor binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; mast cell granule; nucleus; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; extracellular region; extracellular space; extracellular matrix; protein-containing complex; collagen-containing extracellular matrix;
Biological process	response to muscle stretch; positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction; response to hypoxia; regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity; neuropeptide signaling pathway; female pregnancy; regulation of cardiac conduction; negative regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction; positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane; positive regulation of heart rate; positive regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity; cGMP biosynthetic process; regulation of blood pressure; negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter; regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization; response to insulin; cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development; negative regulation of cell growth; cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress; cellular response to mechanical stimulus; receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway; protein folding; regulation of signaling receptor activity; positive regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell; positive regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling; cGMP-mediated signaling;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	4878
	230899
	ENSG00000175206
	ENSMUSG00000041616
	P01160
	P05125
	NM_006172
	NM_008725
	NP_006163
	NP_032751
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) or atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a natriuretic peptide hormone secreted from the cardiac atria that in humans is encoded by the NPPA gene. Natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, and CNP) are a family of hormone/paracrine factors that are structurally related. The main function of ANP is causing a reduction in expanded extracellular fluid (ECF) volume by increasing renal sodium excretion. ANP is synthesized and secreted by cardiac muscle cells in the walls of the atria in the heart. These cells contain volume receptors which respond to increased stretching of the atrial wall due to increased atrial blood volume.

Reduction of blood volume by ANP can result in secondary effects such as reduction of extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, improved cardiac ejection fraction with resultant improved organ perfusion, decreased blood pressure, and increased serum potassium. These effects may be blunted or negated by various counter-regulatory mechanisms operating concurrently on each of these secondary effects.

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) – a misnomer; it is secreted by cardiac muscle cells in the heart ventricles – is similar to ANP in its effect. It acts via the same receptors as ANP does, but with 10-fold lower affinity than ANP. The biological half-life of BNP, however, is twice as long as that of ANP, and that of NT-proBNP is even longer, making these peptides better choices than ANP for diagnostic blood testing.

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