5α-Reductase
5α-Reductases, also known as 3-oxo-5α-steroid 4-dehydrogenases, are enzymes involved in steroid metabolism. They participate in three metabolic pathways: bile acid biosynthesis, androgen and estrogen metabolism. There are three isozymes of 5α-reductase encoded by the genes SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and SRD5A3.
| 3-Oxo-5α-steroid 4-dehydrogenase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacterial SDR5A in complex with NADPH and monoolein PDB: 7C83 | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC no. | 1.3.1.22 | ||||||||
| CAS no. | 9036-43-5 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Steroid-5α-reductase 1 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | SRD5A1 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 6715 | ||||||
| HGNC | 11284 | ||||||
| OMIM | 184753 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NM_001047 | ||||||
| UniProt | P18405 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| EC number | 1.3.1.22 | ||||||
| Locus | Chr. 5 p15 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Steroid-5α-reductase 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human SRD5A2 in complex with NADPH and Finasteride PDB: 7BW1 | |||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | SRD5A2 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 6716 | ||||||
| HGNC | 11285 | ||||||
| OMIM | 607306 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NM_000348 | ||||||
| UniProt | P31213 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| EC number | 1.3.1.22 | ||||||
| Locus | Chr. 2 p23 | ||||||
| |||||||
5α-Reductases catalyze the following generalized chemical reaction:
- a 3-oxo-5α-steroid + acceptor ⇌ a 3-oxo-Δ4-steroid + reduced acceptor
Where a 3-oxo-5α-steroid and acceptor are substrates, and a corresponding 3-oxo-Δ4-steroid and the reduced acceptor are products. An instance of this generalized reaction that 5α-reductase type 2 catalyzes is:
- dihydrotestosterone + NADP+ testosterone + NADPH + H+
where dihydrotestosterone is the 3-oxo-5α-steroid, NADP+ is the acceptor and testosterone is the 3-oxo-Δ4-steroid and NADPH the reduced acceptor.
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