1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq

1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq
	Part of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict and the Iran–Iraq War
	; Kurdish controlled area of Iraq
Date	September 1983 – 1986
Location	Iraqi Kurdistan (nominally northern Iraq)
Result	Short-term military stalemate Beginning of Al-Anfal campaign (1986–89) against the Kurds and defeat of the Kurdish rebellion; Kurdish KDP, PUK, and Mujahideen temporarily hold major enclaves in North Iraq; Long term Kurdish tactical failure;
Belligerents
KDP; Supported by:; Iran PUK Kurdish mujahideen	Iraq
Commanders and leaders
Massoud Barzani Jalal Talabani Ali Abdulaziz Halabji	Saddam Hussein; Ali Hassan al-Majid
Casualties and losses
	At least 110,000 killed (mostly civilians); 1 million refugees

The 1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq occurred during the Iran–Iraq War as PUK and KDP Kurdish militias of Iraqi Kurdistan rebelled against Saddam Hussein as part of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, in an attempt to form an independent state. With Iraqi government forces occupied by the Iran-Iraq War, Kurdish Peshmerga (combining the forces of the KDP and PUK) succeeded in taking control of some enclaves, with Iranian logistic and sometimes military support. The initial rebellion resulted in stalemate by 1985.

The most violent phase of the conflict between the Kurds and Iraqi Ba'athist regime was the Al-Anfal Campaign of the Iraqi Army against the Kurdish minority, which took place between 1986–1988 and included the Halabja chemical attack. The Al-Anfal campaign ended in 1988 with an agreement of amnesty between the two belligerents. No permanent gains were made by the Kurds.

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