Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad

Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (Arabic: جماعة التوحيد والجهاد, lit. 'Congregation of Monotheism and Jihad'), abbreviated as JTJ or Jama'at, was a Salafi jihadist militant group. It was founded in Jordan in 1999, and was led by Jordanian national Abu Musab al-Zarqawi for the entirety of its existence. During the Iraqi insurgency (2003–11), the group became a decentralized network with foreign fighters with a considerable Iraqi membership.

Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
(Congregation of Monotheism and Jihad)
جماعة التوحيد والجهاد
LeadersAbu Musab al-Zarqawi †
Omar Husayn Hadid al-Muhammadi †
Dates of operation1999–17 October 2004
HeadquartersFallujah
Active regionsIraq, limited in Jordan
Ideology
Allies Ansar al-Islam (associate)
Islamic Army of Iraq (sometimes)
Ansar al-Sunnah (sometimes)
Jaish al-Rashideen (sometimes)
Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance (sometimes)
Jeish Muhammad (sometimes)
Opponents Multi-National Force – Iraq
Coalition Provisional Authority
 United States
 Jordan
 Iran
 Turkey
 Japan
 United Nations
Battles and warsIraqi insurgency
Designated as a terrorist group by Kyrgyzstan
 Malaysia
Part of a series on the
 History of the
Islamic State

Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (1999–2004)

Al-Qaeda in Iraq (2004–2006)

Jama'at Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jama'ah (2004–2006)

Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah (2004–2006)

Mujahideen Shura Council (2006)

Islamic State of Iraq (2006–2013)

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (2013–2014)

Islamic State (2014–present)
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On 17 October 2004, al-Zarqawi pledged allegiance to Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda network, and the group became known as Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (commonly known as al-Qaeda in Iraq or Tanzim). After several mergers with other groups and the formation of the Mujahideen Shura Council, it changed its name several times until it called itself Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) in 2006.

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