Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
The Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (Kirghiz SSR), also known as the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic (Kyrgyz SSR) or Kirgiz Soviet Socialist Republic (Kirgiz SSR), was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1936 to 1991. It was also known by the names Kyrgyzstan and Soviet Kyrgyzstan in the Kyrgyz language, and as Kirghizia and Soviet Kirghizia in the Russian language. Landlocked and mountainous, it bordered Tajikistan and China to the south, Uzbekistan to the west and Kazakhstan to the north. The Kirghiz branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union governed the republic from 1936 until 1990.
Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1990) Кыргыз Советтик Социалисттик Республикасы (Kyrgyz) Киргизская Советская Социалистическая Республика (Russian) Socialist Republic of Kyrgyzstan (1990) Социалисттик Кыргызстан Республикасы (Kyrgyz) Социалистическая Республика Кыргызстан (Russian) Republic of Kyrgyzstan (1990–1991) Кыргызстан Республикасы (Kyrgyz) Республика Кыргызстан (Russian) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1936–1991 | |||||||||
Flag (1952–1991)
State emblem
(1956–1991) | |||||||||
| Motto: Бардык өлкөлөрдүн пролетарлары, бириккиле! (Kyrgyz) Bardeuk oelkoeloerduen proletarlarymeu, birikkile! (transliteration) "Workers of all nations, unite!" | |||||||||
| Anthem: Кыргыз Советтик Социалисттик Республикасынын Мамлекеттик Гимни Kyrgyz Sovettik Sotsialisttik Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni "Anthem of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic" (1946–1991) | |||||||||
Location of Kirghizia (red) within the Soviet Union from 1956 to 1991 | |||||||||
| Status | Soviet Socialist Republic | ||||||||
| Capital | Frunze | ||||||||
| Common languages | Official languages: Kirghiz · Russian Minority languages: Uzbek | ||||||||
| Religion | State atheism | ||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Kirghiz Soviet | ||||||||
| Government | Unitary Marxist-Leninist single-party soviet republic (1936–1990) Unitary presidential republic (1990–1991) | ||||||||
| First Secretary | |||||||||
• 1936–1937 (first) | Moris Belotsky | ||||||||
• 1985–1990 (last) | Absamat Masaliyev | ||||||||
| Head of state | |||||||||
• 1936–1937 (first) | Abdukadyr Urazbekov | ||||||||
• 1990–1991 (last) | Askar Akayev | ||||||||
| Head of government | |||||||||
• 1936–1937 (first) | Bayaly Isakeyev | ||||||||
• 1991 (last) | Andrei Iordan | ||||||||
| Legislature | Supreme Soviet | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Kirghiz ASSR formed | 11 February 1926 | ||||||||
• Elevation to a Union Republic | 5 December 1936 | ||||||||
| June 1990 | |||||||||
• Sovereignty declared | 30 December 1990 | ||||||||
• Independence declared | 31 August 1991 | ||||||||
• Independence recognized | 26 December 1991 | ||||||||
| HDI (1990) | 0.640 medium | ||||||||
| Currency | Soviet rouble (руб) (SUR) | ||||||||
| Calling code | +7 319/331/332/334/335 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
On 30 October 1990, the Kirghiz SSR was renamed to the Socialist Republic of Kyrgyzstan; on 15 December, after declaring its state sovereignty, it was renamed again to the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. On 31 August 1991, it transformed into independent Kyrgyzstan.