Kanem–Bornu Empire

Kanem Empire
Kanem Empire
c. 700–1380
	Flag Coat of arms
	Influence of Kanem Empire around 1200 AD
Capital	Njimi
Common languages	Kanuri, Teda
Religion	Animism, later Sunni Islam
Government	Monarchy
King (Mai)
• c. 700	Sef
• 1085-1097	Hummay
• 1097-1150	Dunama I
• 1382–1387	Omar I
Historical era	Middle Ages
• 700	c. 700
• Invaded and forced to move, thus establishing new Bornu Empire	1380
Area
	777,000 km2 (300,000 sq mi)
Currency	cloth, cowrie shells, copper
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Toubou culture
	Kanuri culture
	Sao civilisation
Bornu Empire
Khormans

The Kanem–Bornu Empire existed in areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya and Chad. It was known to the Arabian geographers as the Kanem Empire from the 8th century AD onward and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu (the Bornu Empire) until 1900.

The Kanem Empire (c. 700–1380) was located in the present countries of Chad, Nigeria and Libya. At its height, it encompassed an area covering not only most of Chad but also parts of southern Libya (Fezzan) and eastern Niger, northeastern Nigeria and northern Cameroon. The Bornu Empire (1380s–1893) was a state in what is now northeastern Nigeria, in time becoming even larger than Kanem, incorporating areas that are today parts of Chad, Niger and Cameroon.

The early history of the empire is mainly known from the Royal Chronicle, or Girgam, discovered in 1851 by the German traveller Heinrich Barth. Remnant successor regimes of the empire, in form of Borno Emirate and Dikwa Emirate, were established around 1900 and still exist today as traditional states within Nigeria.

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Part of a series on the
History of Northern Nigeria

Timeline Prehistory Hausa States Kwararafa Confederacy Sokoto Period Kanem Bornu Pre-colonial Colonial Period Protectorate Period 1953–1960 1963–1966 1966–1979 1979–1983 1983–1993 1993–1999 1999–present
By ethnicity Hausa People Fulani People Kanuri People Nupe People Igbirra People
By topic Pacification of Northern Nigeria Culture Demographics Diplomacy Economics Historiography Medicine Military Women
By state Adamawa Bauchi Benue Borno Gombe Jigawa Kaduna Kano Katsina Kebbi Kogi Kwara Nassarawa Niger Plateau Sokoto Taraba Yobe Zamfara

Part of a series on the
History of Chad

Kanem-Bornu Empire Sultanate of Bagirmi Wadai Empire French colonial period Tombalbaye government Civil War (1965–1979) Malloum government Transitional Government Habré Era Conflict with Libya Toyota War Déby Era Civil War (2005–2010)