Kalvari-class submarine (2015)

	Kalvari at sea
Class overview
Name	Kalvari class
Builders	Mazagon Dock Limited
Operators	Indian Navy
Preceded by	Sindhughosh class ; Shishumar class;
Succeeded by	Project 75I-class submarine
Cost	₹23,652 crore (equivalent to ₹340 billion or US$4.3 billion in 2023) for six units; ₹3,942 crore (equivalent to ₹57 billion or US$710 million in 2023) per unit (FY 2016);
In commission	2017 – present
Planned	9
On order	3
Completed	6
Active	5
General characteristics
Type	Attack submarine
Displacement	Surfaced: 1,615 tonnes (1,589 long tons); Submerged: 1,775 tonnes (1,747 long tons);
Length	67.5 m (221 ft 5 in)
Beam	6.2 m (20 ft 4 in)
Height	12.3 m (40 ft 4 in)
Draught	5.8 m (19 ft 0 in)
Propulsion	4 x MTU 12V 396 SE84 diesel engines; 360 x battery cells; DRDO PAFC Fuel Cell AIP (Expected to be added in Fleet I submarines from 2023 onwards);
Speed	Surfaced: 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph); Submerged: 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph);
Range	6,500 nmi (12,000 km; 7,500 mi) at 8 kn (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) (surfaced); 550 nmi (1,020 km; 630 mi) at 4 kn (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) (submerged);
Endurance	50 days
Test depth	350 metres (1,150 ft)
Complement	8 officers; 35 sailors;
Electronic warfare ; & decoys	C303/S anti-torpedo countermeasure system
Armament	6 x 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes for 18 SUT torpedoes OR ; SM.39 Exocet anti-ship missiles; A3SM (MICA) anti-air missiles ; 30 mines in place of torpedoes;

The Kalvari-class submarines, formally classified as the Project-75 submarines (P-75), is a class of diesel-electric attack submarines operated by the Indian Navy (IN). Currently being constructed by a syndicate of French and Indian shipyards, namely, Naval Group and Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) respectively, the class is an export derivative of the French-origin Scorpène-class submarine, originally designed by Naval Group.

A namesake of the former-Foxtrot-class submarines that the IN operated between 1967 and 2010, the class was originally planned in the late-1990s as an initial phase of a 30-year long naval rearmament roadmap to replace the IN's conventional submarine fleet, namely the Sindhughosh-class and Shishumar-class submarines. India's Ministry of Defence (MoD) ordered an introductory batch of six submarines in 2005, at an initially-estimated cost of ₹13,000 crore (equivalent to ₹440 billion or US$5.5 billion in 2023); of the ordered six, five are currently in operational service. In addition to the first batch, a proposal for the purchase of three more submarines was approved in 2023, at an estimated cost of ₹36,000 crore (US$4.5 billion).

First introduced to operational service in 2017, the submarines are currently operated by the IN for a variety of missions, namely, littoral surveillance, intelligence gathering, anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare and minelaying operations.

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