José Miguel de Velasco

José Miguel de Velasco Franco (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse miˈɣel de βeˈlasko ˈfɾaŋko] ; 29 September 1795 – 13 October 1859) was a Bolivian military officer and statesman who served as the fourth president of Bolivia on four occasions: 1828, 1829, 1839–1841, and 1848. Velasco also served as the second vice president from 1829 to 1835 under Andrés de Santa Cruz, though the first two of his terms were as vice president-designate, pending Santa Cruz's arrival to the country.

José Miguel de Velasco
Portrait by Antonio Villavicencio, Museo de Charcas, Sucre
4th President of Bolivia
In office
18 January 1848  6 December 1848
Provisional: 12 September 1848 – 6 December 1848
Preceded byEusebio Guilarte (acting)
Succeeded byManuel Isidoro Belzu (provisional)
In office
22 February 1839  10 June 1841
Provisional: 22 February 1839 – 15 August 1840
Vice PresidentVacant (1839)
None (1839–1841)
Preceded byAndrés de Santa Cruz
Succeeded bySebastián Ágreda (provisional)
In office
1 January 1829  24 May 1829
Acting
Preceded byPedro Blanco Soto (provisional)
Succeeded byAndrés de Santa Cruz (provisional)
In office
2 August 1828  18 December 1828
Acting
Preceded byJosé María Pérez de Urdininea (acting)
Succeeded byJosé Ramón de Loayza (acting)
2nd Vice President of Bolivia
In office
24 May 1829  23 July 1835
Provisional: 24 May 1829 – 15 August 1831
PresidentAndrés de Santa Cruz
Preceded byJosé Ramón de Loayza (provisional)
Succeeded byMariano Enrique Calvo
Other offices
Minister of War and Navy
In office
24 January 1832  3 July 1835
PresidentAndrés de Santa Cruz
Preceded byFrancisco Burdett O'Connor
Succeeded byOtto Philipp Braun
Minister of War and Navy
In office
16 May 1831  3 July 1831
PresidentAndrés de Santa Cruz
Preceded byMariano Armaza
Succeeded byFrancisco Burdett O'Connor
Minister of War
In office
2 August 1828  1 February 1829
President
See list
Preceded byJosé María Pérez de Urdininea
Succeeded byAnselmo Rivas
1st Prefect of Santa Cruz
In office
1836–1838
Appointed byAndrés de Santa Cruz
Preceded byAnselmo Rivas
Succeeded byJosé Antonio
Suárez de Argumosa
In office
26 December 1825  30 April 1828
Appointed bySimón Bolívar
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byAntonio Vicente Seoane
Personal details
Born
José Miguel de Velasco Franco

(1795-09-29)29 September 1795
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (now Bolivia)
Died13 October 1859(1859-10-13) (aged 64)
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
SpouseMercedes Ibáñez
Parent(s)Ramón Gonzales de Velasco
Petrona Franco
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Bolivia
Branch/service Bolivian Army
RankMajor general
Commands5th Battalion
"Guías" Squadron
Battles/wars
  • Salaverry-Santa Cruz War
    • Battle of Yanacocha
    • Battle of Socabaya
  • War of the Confederation
  • Peruvian-Bolivian War

Velasco was involved throughout his life in early Bolivian politics and was the protagonist of two of the moments of greatest instability in the country. A key figure in the continuity of the presidential system in which he played the role of acting president twice, he participated in several uprisings and counted figures such as José Ballivián and Manuel Isidoro Belzu as his political rivals. After having overthrown Santa Cruz, the very president he once served under, in 1839, he began his third government (the longest of his four terms), during which he promulgated a new Political Constitution of the State which replaced the one drafted in 1835.

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