Japanese jazz
Japanese jazz (Japanese: 日本のジャズ, Nihon no jazu) is jazz played by Japanese musicians, jazz connected to Japan or Japanese culture, or both. The term often refers to the history of jazz in Japan, which has the largest proportion of jazz fans in the world, according to some estimates.
Jazz was introduced in Japan in the 1910s through transpacific ocean liners, where Filipino musicians took influences from jazz, with the Philippines being an American colony at the time. Following the music recording industry's rise in the 1920s, the lyrics of popular jazz records like "The Sheik of Araby" and "My Blue Heaven" were translated into Japanese. Jazz was associated with native counterparts to flappers and dandies in Japan, often being played in dance halls. Although considered "enemy music" in Japan during World War II, due to its American roots, the genre was too popular for a complete ban, and many disobeyed the state-mandated destruction of jazz records.
Following the surrender of Japan in the second World War, there was a large demand for entertainment for American troops, and jazz was particularly popular. By the 1970s, the Japanese economic miracle paved the way for Japanese jazz musicians to achieve international fame, along with new musical genres such as city pop, kankyō ongaku, and Japanese folk music. Japanese jazz musicians also began to evolve past Blue Note mimicry and experimented with free jazz, fusion funk, and bebop, among others. This furthered the distinct sound of Japanese jazz. During the 1980s, digital music technology began to influence the Japanese jazz scene.
In present-day Japan, jazz has become more of an alternative genre. It is no longer as popular, but retains the largest proportion of jazz fans in the world. Jazu Kissa (literally jazz café), dedicated spaces where aficionados gather to listen to recorded jazz, appeared in the 1950s and 60s around Japan. A phenomenon unique to the country, roughly 600 Jazu Kissa are scattered around the nation in present-day Japan, and there are even Jazu Kissa where conversation is prohibited. Recently, there has also been an increase in Jazu Kissa in rural areas. Famous contemporary Japanese jazz musicians include Hiromi Uehara, Kyoto Jazz Massive, United Future Organization, Soil & "Pimp" Sessions, and Fox Capture Plan, among others.